In the article the evolution of attitudes towards ethnic and national processes as well as language processes, particular In Ukraine, are considered. A decision of the national question belongs to an accumulation of the democratic potential of a society, strengthening of civic self-government institutions. A creative role of the state in status strengthening and creating of the conditions for language development of minorities is to strengthen its legislative field that should work. Key words: political nation, ethnopolitics, minorities, native language, "Soviet localization policy" (policy of korenizatsiya), language politics, inter-ethnic integration processes, ethnic population structure, culture of ethnic groups, tolerance