Курсова робота

The semantic structure of the word ‘man’ in english and ukrainian languages

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction. 3

Theoretical part: 6

Meaning and semantic structure of the word. 6

Meaning. 6

Typology of meanings. 8

Lexical meaning – notion. 11

Contrastive analysis of the semantic structure of the word‘

man’ in English and Ukrainian languages. 19

Conclusions. 25

References. 26

I. Introduction

Since translation is, above all, an activity that aims at conveying meaning or meanings of a given-linguistic discourse from one language to another, rather than the words or grammatical structures of the original, we should look briefly at the most significant and recent developments in the field of study of "meaning", or semantics. Our interest here lies in the change of emphasis from referential or dictionary meaning to contextual and pragmatic meaning. Such a change represents a significant development, particularly relevant to translation, and to communicative register-based approach to translation.

The meaning of a given word or set of words is best understood as the contribution that word or phrase can make to the meaning or function of the whole sentence or linguistic utterance where that word or phrase occurs. The meaning of a given word is governed not only by the external object or idea that particular word is supposed to refer to, but also by the use of that particular word or phrase in a particular way, in a particular context, and to a particular effect.

Special interest is in how words and their meanings combine to form meaningful texts. What makes this task so difficult is the problem of lexical ambiguity. All words are ambiguous to some extent. Even words that appear to have one fixed sense can reveal multiple meanings in different contexts.

Objectives of this course paper is the word ‘man’ and it semantic structure, i.e. the combination of all meanings of this word in English and Ukrainian languages. Due to big variety of meanings such common used words in English like ‘man’, ‘hand’, ‘house’, ‘room’ cause some problem in translation into Ukrainian. 'Room', for example, can mean the physical object (e.g., "John painted the room") or the spatial enclosure defined by this object (e.g., "Smoke filled the room"). The space is just as much a part of the concept of 'room' as is the physical object. This logical polysemy has to be taken into consideration at the time of choosing the Ukrainian corresponding word.

The practical investigation is based mostly on the work with different dictionaries: monolingual,