???, and ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????????. Д???? дискурсивний маркер ??????? ??? ??'???? ?? ??????????, ??? ? ??????????? ?????.

Наприклад: 1) Bricks without straw; that’s what we actors are expected to make nowadays. And are they grateful to us? The authors, I mean. (“Theatre“ by W. S. Maugham)

2) I well remember, though, how the distant idea of the holidays…began to come towards us, and how we came to weeks, and then to days. (“David Copperfield“ by Charles Dickens)

В першому прикладі and слугує для зв’язку мовленнєвих актів, а в другому – для зв’язку пропозицій.

??????????, ?? ????????? and ??????? ??????????? ???????, ???? ?????????? ????????? ??? ?????????????? ??????????????? ???????? ??? ?????????????????? ?????? ??????????. Важливим ????? є ??? ????, ?? ????? дискурсивний маркер ???? ???????????? ? ? ?????????????? ???????? (??????? but), ? ? ???????????? ???????? (??????? so), ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ????????.

Наприклад: 1) This was pointed out to visitors the first time they came to see her, and there were few who looked at it without emotion. (“The Creative Impulse“ by W. S. Maugham)

2) She had never seen a more beautiful young man, and she pursued him relentlessly. (“Theatre“ by W. S. Maugham)

3) I took a quick pace backwards. I couldn’t help it, and I stared at his stomach or rather at the sheet that covered it. (“Poison“ by Roald Dahl)

В першому прикладі and вживається в контрастивному оточенні, проте в другому та третьому прикладах and вживається в ???????????? ????????.

? ?????? ????, можна зазначити, ?? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ?????? and ??? ?? ????, ??? ? ????????? and so. ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ? ??'???? ????? ????????????? ????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????, ???????? ? ???? ?????.

Наприклад: I felt sure the principle and the teacher would one day remember how handsomely I had behaved in this unfortunate affair, but as I’ve said, they didn’t, and so I have had too. (“The Failure of Friends“ by William Saroyan)

?. ??? ????, ????аючи ??????????і ????????и, ????????? ?? ????????, ?? ? ?????? ??????? ??????? and ?????? ??????? "??????????" ??? "???????????", ?? ? ???????? ???? ??????? ??'??????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ? ???????????.

????????? and ? ?????? ????????? ?????????? but ??????????? ? ?? ????????????? ?????, ???? and ???? представляти ???????????? ??? ???????, ?????????, ??? ?? ????????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ????. ? ????? ???????? and, ?? ???????, ????????????? ? ?????????? ???????.

Наприклад: “My mother wouldn’t like it,“ pleaded Sweeting.

“And I make it a rule never to get mixed up in affairs of the kind,“ observed Donne. (“Shirly“ by Charlotte Bronte)

Відповідно до вищезазначеного, дискурсивні маркери ??????? ??? ????????? ??'???? ??? ?????????? ? ????????, ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????????. ????, дискурсивні маркери представляють ??????? ??????? ? ?????? ????????????????? ???????. ?? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????, ?? ??? and ?????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ? ?????? ?????? ????????, ?? ??????? ????  ????????????????? ?????.

?? ? ???? ????????? ????????, дискурсивні маркери ????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????: ???????????? ? ?????????, ??????? ??? ????????????? ?? ?????????? ????? (????? ????? ????????? ????, ?????, ??????? ? ?????).

??? ????????? ?????????, ?? ??? дискурсивних маркерів ?????????? ????? ???????????? ?? ???????????? ???????????, ? ?????????????. ?????? ???????, ????????, ? ???? дискурсивні маркери ????????? ?????????? ?????????????, ??????? ?? ????????????, ??? ? ?????.

?? основі цього можна сказати, ?? дискурсивний маркер and ????????? ????????????? ?? ????????? ?????, ???????? and ??????? ??? ??'???? ??????????? ????? ?????. ?? ?????????? ????????? ??????, ?? and ??'???? ????????????? ?? ? ??????????? ??????????, ??? ? ? ??????????, ????????????? ???'??????? ? ???????????.

Отже, дискурсивний маркер and ???? ????????????? ? ?? ??????????? ?????? ??'???? ??????????, ? ?? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????. ?????, дискурсивний маркер and, ???????????? ?? ????????????? ?????, ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????????.

Щодо дискурсивного маркера but, то він, ?? ? and, ??????????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????????, ? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ?????????????? ? ????????. Д??ий маркер має здатність ??'??????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ????, ?????????????? ??. ???? and ?????????? ??????????? ??? ?????, ?? but ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????.

Наприклад: “Would you like a cup of tea?“

“No, thank you my dear. I had tea in my office.“

“Ah, but I know you like a second cup. I will pour it out for you myself.“ (“The Creative Impulse“ by W. S. Maugham)

О????? ? ???????????? ??????? дискурсивного маркеру but ? ???????? ?? ??????????? ???????????? ???????????? ????. ?????????, бувають ???????? ???????? but ????? ?????????, ?? but ??????? ??????? ?????; ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????, ?? but ? ????????? ?????????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ????????. ????? ????? ????????? ???? ??????????? ??????? дискурсивного маркеру but, ?? ??????????? ???????????.

Наприклад: …I had no reson to believe he could not write. But there it is, the man never wrote such an account. (”The Failure of Friends” by William Saroyan)

?? ?????? ???????????? ???????? дискурсивного маркеру but ? ??????????? ????????, ?? ??????? ??????????. ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????????????.

Наприклад: “She asked me for the price of a cup of tea and I brought her home with