У нас: 141825 рефератів
Щойно додані Реферати Тор 100
Скористайтеся пошуком, наприклад Реферат        Грубий пошук Точний пошук
Вхід в абонемент


РПаЎ±б>юяПСюяяяНОяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяямҐБ5@рїР5bjbjП2П24D­X­XАЌяяяяяя€xxxxxxxЊ,<TЊm/$њњњњњwww///////‘0Rг2n/!xwwwww/xxњњЫ'/#)#)#)w†xњxњ/#)w/#)#)9):0.,xxё.њђpф…A*ЎПэ!І/=/0m/f.RQ3Ї(jQ3ё.ЊЊxxxxQ3xё.Lww#)wwwww//ЊЊ„)ЊЊ 5D5@0B =0 B5<C:«@30=V70FVO C?@02;V==O :C;LBC@>N 2 #:@0W=V (04<V=VAB@0B82=> - ?@02>289 0A?5:B).»ABC?1. 5@602=5 C?@02;V==O :C;LBC@>N (>@30=V70FV9=>-?@02>2V 70A048) 2. !8AB5<0 >@30=V2 C?@02;V==O :C;LBC@>N 3. >@<0B82=5 @53C;N20==O 4VO;L=>ABV A8AB5<8 >@30=V2 :C;LBC@8 4. ?;82 <VAF52>3> A0<>2@O4C20==O =0 :C;LBC@C C @53V>=V 8A=>2>:!?8A>: 28:>@8AB0=>W ;VB5@0BC@8ABC?C;LBC@0 O: A0<>ABV9=0 30;C7L A>FV0;L=>-:C;LBC@=>3> 1C4V2=8FB20 2:;NG0T 4> A515 H8@>:5 :>;> 45@602=8E V 3@><04AL:8E >@30=V2, ?V4?@8T<AB2, CAB0=>2, >@30=V70FV9, 70:;04V2 :C;LBC@8. > FVTW 30;C7V =0;560BL: B50B@0;L=5, <C78G=5, E>@5>3@0DVG=5, >1@07>B2>@G5, 45:>@0B82=>-?@8:;04=5, 5AB@04=5 V F8@:>25 <8AB5FB2>; :>=F5@B=V >@30=V70FVW, <C75W, 1V1;V>B5:8, 1C48=:8 :C;LBC@8 B0 V=.; :V=5<0B>3@0DVO; B5;510G5==O V @04V><>2;5==O; 28402=8G0 A?@020, ?>;V3@0DVO V B>@3V2;O :=830<8. # 40=V9 @>1>BV @>73;O40TBLAO 45@602=5 C?@02;V==O :C;LBC@>N, A8AB5<0 >@30=V2 B0 WW @53C;N20==O G5@57 =>@<0B82=V 0:B8.5@602=5 C?@02;V==O :C;LBC@>N (>@30=V70FV9=>-?@02>2V 70A048)#?@02;V==O :C;LBC@>N ?>;O30T 2: >@30=V70FVW AB2>@5==O, @>7?>2AN465==O V ?>?C;O@870FVW B2>@V2 ;VB5@0BC@8 B0 <8AB5FB20; 70157?5G5==V ?>H8@5==O V=D>@<0FVW V ?@>?030=48 4>AO3=5=L :C;LBC@8; 715@565==V V 28:>@8AB0==V :C;LBC@=8E FV==>AB59; >E>@>=V B2>@V2 <8AB5FB20 V ?0<'OB=8:V2 :C;LBC@8, ?V428I5==V :C;LBC@=>3> @V2=O =0A5;5==O #:@0W=8; :5@V2=8FB2V ?V4?@8T<AB20<8, >@30=V70FVO<8, CAB0=>20<8 V 70:;040<8 :C;LBC@8. <5B>N @50;V70FVW 2 ?>2=><C >1AO7V ><?;5:A=>W ?@>3@0<8 >A=>2=8E =0?@O<:V2 @>728B:C :C;LBC@8 2 #:@0W=V 4> 2005 @>:C B0 28<>3 >=AB8BCFVW #:@0W=8 I>4> :>=A>;V40FVW B0 @>728B:C C:@0W=AL:>W =0FVW, @>728B:C WW VAB>@8G=>W A2V4><>ABV, B@048FV9, :C;LBC@8, <>28, 30@0=BV9 A2>1>48, EC4>6=L>W B2>@G>ABV, 0 B0:>6 28<>3 I>4> >E>@>=8 VAB>@8G=>-:C;LBC@=>W A?04I8=8 @>7@>1;5=> :>=F5?BC0;L=V =0?@O<:8 4VO;L=>ABV >@30=V2 28:>=02G>W 2;048 I>4> @>728B:C :C;LBC@8 C 30;C7V B50B@0;L=>3> V <C78G=>3> <8AB5FB20, :V=5<0B>3@0DVW B0 2V45>:C;LBC@8, >1@07>B2>@G>3> <8AB5FB20 9 0@EVB5:BC@8, >E>@>=8 V 28:>@8AB0==O ?0<'OB>: VAB>@VW B0 :C;LBC@8[1]. VO;L=VABL C AD5@V :C;LBC@8 74V9A=NTBLAO =0 ?@>D5AV9=V9 G8 0<0B>@AL:89 >A=>2V C ?>@O4:C, 287=0G5=><C A=>20<8 70:>=>402AB20 #:@0W=8 ?@> :C;LBC@C 2V4 14 ;NB>3> 1992 p.[2], 70:>=>402AB2>< #:@0W=8 ?@> ?V4?@8T<AB20, ?V4?@8T<=8FL:C 4VO;L=VABL, =5:><5@FV9=V >@30=V70FVW B0 >1'T4=0==O, 0 B0:>6 70:>=>402AB2><, I> @53C;NT :>=:@5B=V 2848 4VO;L=>ABV C AD5@V :C;LBC@8. A=>28 70:>=>402AB20 #:@0W=8 ?@> :C;LBC@C 287=0G0NBL ?@02>2V, 5:>=><VG=V, A>FV0;L=V, >@30=V70FV9=V 70A048 @>728B:C :C;LBC@8 2 #:@0W=8, @53C;NNBL ACA?V;L=V 2V4=>A8=8 C AD5@V AB2>@5==O, ?>H8@5==O, 715@565==O B0 28:>@8AB0==O :C;LBC@=8E FV==>AB59 V A?@O<>20=V =0: @50;V70FVN AC25@5==8E ?@02 #:@0W=8 C AD5@V :C;LBC@8; 2V4@>465==O V @>728B>: :C;LBC@8 C:@0W=AL:>W =0FVW B0 :C;LBC@ =0FV>=0;L=8E <5=H8=, O:V ?@>6820NBL =0 B5@8B>@VW #:@0W=8; 70157?5G5==O A2>1>48 B2>@G>ABV, 2V;L=>3> @>728B:C :C;LBC@=>-<8AB5FL:8E ?@>F5AV2, ?@>D5AV9=>W B0 A0<>4VO;L=>W EC4>6=L>W B2>@G>ABV; @50;V70FVN ?@02 3@><04O= =0 4>ABC? 4> :C;LBC@=8E FV==>AB59; A>FV0;L=89 70E8AB ?@0FV2=8:V2 :C;LBC@8; AB2>@5==O <0B5@V0;L=8E V DV=0=A>28E C<>2 @>728B:C :C;LBC@8. @V>@8B5B=V =0?@O<:8 @>728B:C :C;LBC@8 287=0G0NBLAO FV;L>28<8 7030;L=>45@602=8<8 ?@>3@0<0<8, O:V 70B25@46CNBLAO 5@E>2=>N 04>N #:@0W=8 (AB. 85 >=AB8BCFVW #:@0W=8). 2. !8AB5<0 >@30=V2 C?@02;V==O :C;LBC@>N>;VB8:C 45@6028 C AD5@V :C;LBC@8, ?@02>2V, 5:>=><VG=V B0 A>FV0;L=V 30@0=BVW WW @50;V70FVW, A8AB5<C A>FV0;L=>3> 70E8ABC ?@0FV2=8:V2 :C;LBC@8 287=0G0T 5@E>2=0 040 #:@0W=8. @30=8 28:>=02G>W 2;048 70157?5GCNBL @50;V70FVN ?>;VB8:8 C AD5@V :C;LBC@8; 74V9A=NNBL 70 CG0ABN 3@><04AL:8E >1'T4=0=L @>7@>1;5==O 45@602=8E ?@>3@0< @>728B:C :C;LBC@8 B0 WE DV=0=AC20==O; AB2>@NNBL C<>28 4;O 2V4@>465==O V @>728B:C :C;LBC@8 C:@0W=AL:>W =0FVW, :C;LBC@ =0FV>=0;L=8E <5=H8=, O:V ?@>6820NBL =0 B5@8B>@VW #:@0W=8, B0 V=. #?@02;V=AL:0 4VO;L=VABL C AD5@V :C;LBC@8 74V9A=NTBLAO A8AB5<>N >@30=V2 28:>=02G>W 2;048, :>65= 7 O:8E @50;V7CT A2>N :><?5B5=FVN =0 >:@5<8E 4V;O=:0E :C;LBC@=>3> 1C4V2=8FB20: 157?>A5@54=L> :C;LBC@0, B5;510G5==O V @04V><>2;5==O, :V=5<0B>3@0DVO, 4@C:0@AL:0 A?@020 B0 V=. !8AB5<C 45@602=8E >@30=V2 C?@02;V==O :C;LBC@>N A:;040NBL; V=VAB5@AB2> :C;LBC@8 V <8AB5FB2 #:@0W=8, <V=VAB5@AB2> :C;LBC@8 , C?@02;V==O :C;LBC@8 >1;0A=8E, 8W2AL:>W B0 !520AB>?>;LAL:>W <VAL:8E 45@602=8E 04<V=VAB@0FV9, 2V44V;8 :C;LBC@8 @09>==>W 45@602=>W 04<V=VAB@0FVW, ?V42V4><GV W< B50B@8, :>=F5@B=V >@30=V70FVW, EC4>6=V :>;5:B828, F8@:8, 1V1;V>B5:8, <C75W, :;C18 B0 V=HV B50B@0;L=>-284>28I=V ?V4?@8T<AB20 V 70:;048 :C;LBC@8, A?5FV0;L=V =02G0;L=V 70:;048 :C;LBC@8 V <8AB5FB20, <C78G=V B0 EC4>6=V H:>;8. V=VAB5@AB2> :C;LBC@8 V <8AB5FB2 #:@0W=8 (40;V V=:C;LBC@8 #:@0W=8) 4VT =0 >A=>2V >;>65==O ?@> =L>3>, 70B25@465=>3> #:07>< @57845=B0 #:@0W=8 2V4 9 3@C4=O 1995 p. (7V 7<V=0<8 2V4 27 AVG=O 1999 p.[3]). A=>2=8<8 70240==O<8 V=:C;LBC@8 #:@0W=8 T: @50;V70FVO 45@602=>W ?>;VB8:8 C AD5@V :C;LBC@8 V <8AB5FB2; 715@565==O :C;LBC@=>-<8AB5FL:>3> =0410==O, @>728B>: C:@0W=AL:>W :C;LBC@8 V <8AB5FB20, AB2>@5==O A?@8OB;828E C<>2 4;O 715@565==O 5B=VG=>W, <>2=>W B0 :C;LBC@=>W A0<>1CB=>ABV, @V2=>?@02=>3> @>728B:C =0FV>=0;L=8E :C;LBC@ 2 #:@0W=V; @>7@>1;5==O ?@>?>78FV9 I>4> >A=>2=8E =0?@O<:V2 @>728B:C =0FV>=0;L=>W :C;LBC@8 V <8AB5FB2, AB8<C;N20==O :C;LBC@=>-<8AB5FL:>3> ?@>F5AC; @>7H8@5==O <V6=0@>4=>3> :C;LBC@=>3> A?V2@>1VB=8FB20, @>728B>: :C;LBC@=8E 72'O7:V2 B0 V=. V4?>2V4=> 4> ?>:;045=8E =0 V=:C;LBC@8 #:@0W=8 70240=L 2>=> @>7@>1;OT ?@>5:B8 FV;L>28E 45@602=8E ?@>3@0< @>728B:C :C;LBC@8 V <8AB5FB20, ?@>?>78FVW I>4> ?@02>2>3> @53C;N20==O; ?@>3=>7CT @>728B>: :C;LBC@8 V <8AB5FB20, ?V4B@8<CT @>7?>2AN465==O B2>@V2 ;VB5@0BC@8 V <8AB5FB20; AB2>@NT C<>28 4;O @>728B:C 2AVE 284V2 <8AB5FB2, A0<>4VO;L=>W B2>@G>ABV, 70>E>GCT =>20B>@AL:V ?>HC:8 2 <8AB5FB2V; 70157?5GCT A2>1>4C B2>@G>ABV, AB2>@NT C<>28 4;O 2V;L=>3> 28O2;5==O V=482V4C0;L=>ABV <8BFO; A?@8OT @>1>BV B2>@G8E A?V;>:, =0FV>=0;L=>-:C;LBC@=8E B>20@8AB2, <>;>4V6=8E V 48BOG8E >@30=V70FV9, D>=4V2, 0A>FV0FV9, V=H8E 3@><04AL:8E >@30=V70FV9, I> 4VNBL C AD5@V :C;LBC@8 V <8AB5FB2, B0 V=. V=:C;LBC@8 #:@0W=8 2 <560E A2>WE ?>2=>2065=L B0 =0 28:>=0==O 70:>=>402AB20 #:@0W=8 2840T =0:078, C @07V ?>B@518 2840T @07>< 7 V=H8<8 F5=B@0;L=8<8 B0 <VAF528<8 >@30=0<8 45@602=>W 28:>=02G>W 2;048, >@30=0<8 <VAF52>3> A0<>2@O4C20==O A?V;L=V 0:B8. ;O ?>3>465=>3> 28@VH5==O ?8B0=L, I> =0;560BL 4> :><?5B5=FVW V=:C;LBC@8 #:@0W=8, >13>2>@5==O =09206;82VH8E =0?@O<:V2 9>3> 4VO;L=>ABV B0 @>728B:C :C;LBC@8 V <8AB5FB2 CB2>@NTBLAO :>;53VO, @VH5==O O:>W ?@82>4OBLAO 2 68BBO =0:07>< V=VAB@0 :C;LBC@8 V <8AB5FB2 #:@0W=8. ;O 0=0;V7C ?@>1;5< :C;LBC@8 V <8AB5FB20, :>>@48=0FVW @>1>B8 7 28:>=0==O ?@>3@0< 4>A;V465=L C AD5@V :C;LBC@8, 28@>1;5==O =0C:>28E @5:><5=40FV9 B0 ?@>?>78FV9 7 >A=>2=8E ?8B0=L @>728B:C <8AB5FB20, :C;LBC@=>-?@>A2VB=8FL:>W @>1>B8, <0A>2>W EC4>6=L>W B2>@G>ABV, <8AB5FL:>W >A2VB8 2 V=:C;LBC@8 #:@0W=8 CB2>@NNBLAO =0C:>20 @040, V=HV :>=AC;LB0B82=V >@30=8. E A:;04 B0 ?>;>65==O ?@>


Сторінки: 1 2 3 4 5 6