РПаЎ±б>юя@Bюяяя?яяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяямҐБ`рїJbjbjЛsЛs©©яяяяяя¤$>"""".>S¶FFFFFFFFЮааааааhqЪа-FFFFFаFFљљљF^FFЮљFЮљљљF:Ь+ hfИ"¤вљє$#0SљK†KљKљ FFљFFFFFаађFFFSFFFF>>>д">>>">>>яяяя $ " "#:01>;>B=89 .. - C:@0W=AL:89 <V:@>1V>;>3, 5?V45<V>;>3, @57845=B #:@0W=80@>482AO 2 A5;V '>1>B0@:0 >4V;LAL:>W 3C15@=VW. 0:V=G82  >2>@>AV9AL:89 (1891 @.) B0 8W2AL:89 (1894 @.) C=V25@A8B5B8. # 1889 1891 @@. ?@0FN202 =0 45AL:V9 10:B5@V>;>3VG=V9 AB0=FVW, 45 282G02 <V:@>18 A=V3C, >?@0FL>2C202 ?8B0==O V<C=V70FVW E>2@0EV2 ?@>B8 E>;5@8 B>I>. # 1894 1895 @@. ?@0FN202 ;V:0@5< C >4V;LAL:V9 3C15@=VW, C 1895 1897 @@. C 8W2AL:><C 2V9AL:>2><C H?8B0;V. # 1898 1928 @@. ?@>D5A>@ V=>G>3> <548G=>3> V=AB8BCBC 2 5B5@1C@7V, 45 >@30=V7C202 ?5@HC 2 >AVW :0D54@C 10:B5@V>;>3VW (1898 @.). >4=>G0A C 1919 1923 @@. @5:B>@ 45AL:>3> <548G=>3> V=AB8BCBC, 2 O:><C AB2>@82 ?5@HC C A2VBV :0D54@C 5?V45<V>;>3VW (1920 @.). # 1924 1928 @@. ?@>D5A>@ V9AL:>2>-<548G=>W 0:045<VW C 5=V=3@04V. # 1928 1929 @@. ?@57845=B #, 70A=C202 =AB8BCB <V:@>1V>;>3VW B0 5?V45<V>;>3VW 2 8T2V.  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   VA;O 70:V=G5==O ?@8@>4=8G>3> 2V44V;5==O DV78:>-<0B5<0B8G=>3> D0:C;LB5BC >2>@>AV9AL:>3> C=V25@A8B5BC V7 ABC?5=5< :0=4840B0 ?@8@>4=8G8E =0C: ..01>;>B=89 ?>G02 4>A;V48 =0 45AL:V9 10:B5@V>;>3VG=V9 AB0=FVW, 70A=>20=V9 ..5G=8:>28<. >A5=8 1891 @. ..01>;>B=89 ?5@5WE02 4> 8T20 V 2ABC?82 =0 B@5BV9 :C@A <548G=>3> D0:C;LB5BC 8W2AL:>3> C=V25@A8B5BC, ?@>4>26CNG8 @>1>BC ?> 28?@>1C20==N ?@>B8E>;5@=>W A8@>20B:8. ..01>;>B=89 28@VH82 ?5@52V@8B8 4VN A8@>20B:8 =0 2;0A=><C >@30=V7<V, 70@0782H8 A515 E>;5@>N. 878:>20=89 5:A?5@8<5=B ?@>9H>2 CA?VH=>. 024O:8 9><C 1C;> 4>2545=>, I> 2V4 E>;5@=>W V=D5:FVW <>6=0 70E8AB8B8AO H;OE>< 22545==O G5@57 @>B >A;01;5=>W :C;LBC@8 2V1@V>=V2.  0:V=G82H8 C=V25@A8B5B, ..01>;>B=89 ?>WE02 ?@0FN20B8 ;V:0@5<-5?V45<V>;>3>< C >4V;LAL:C 3C15@=VN. !0<5 B>4V 2 FL><C @53V>=V ?>H8@8;8AO B0:V 70E2>@N20==O, O: E>;5@0 V 4875=B5@VO. ..01>;>B=89 W7482 7 ?>2VBC 2 ?>2VB, A8AB5<0B8G=> 282G02 C<>28 28=8:=5==O B0 ?5@51V3C V=D5:FV9=8E 70E2>@N20=L, 70A=C202 C 0< O=FV->4V;LAL:><C 10:B5@V>;>3VG=C ;01>@0B>@VN. =0G=>N <V@>N 7024O:8 9>3> 7CA8;;O< :V;L:VABL 70E2>@N20=L 7=878;0AL, V 5?V45<VO E>;5@8 =0 >4V;;V ?@8?8=8;0AL. 1895 @. ..01>;>B=>3> ?@8720;8 =0 2V9AL:>2C A;C61C. @0FNNG8 702V4CNG8< 70@07=8< 2V44V;5==O< V ;01>@0B>@VTN 8W2AL:>3> H?8B0;N, 2V= 2V4=>282 :>=B0:B8 7 8W2AL:8< C=V25@A8B5B><, 45 ?>G02 ?@0FN20B8 ?>70HB0B=8< ?><VG=8:>< ?@>75:B>@0. V= ?@>2>482 ?@0:B8G=V 70=OBBO 7V ABC45=B0<8 V ?@>4>26C202 4>A;V465==O 71C4=8:V2 G5@52=>3> B8DC, @>7?>G0BV I5 =0 >4V;;V, 307>2>W 30=3@5=8 B>I>. @0FO 2 ;01>@0B>@VW B0 ?@0:B8G=0 @>1>B0 ;V:0@O A?@8O;8 D>@<C20==N =0C:>2>W :>=F5?FVW ..01>;>B=>3> I>4> 282G5==O V 1>@>BL18 7 5?V45<VO<8 V=D5:FV9=8E E2>@>1. 5;8:5 7=0G5==O 2 9>3> AB0=>2;5==V O: 5?V45<V>;>30 7V A2VB>28< V< O< <0;0 9>3> 0:B82=0 CG0ABL C ?@>B85?V45<VG=8E 5:A?548FVOE.  5@H>N 1C;0 5:A?548FVO 2 =-4VN, 45 C 1896 @. A?0;0E=C;0 5?V45<VO GC<8. O4 :@0W= ?>A;0;8 5:A?548FVW 4> ><15O ?V4 :5@V2=8FB2>< 2V4><8E CG5=8E. >AV9AL:C 5:A?548FVN >G>;82 ..8A>:>28G, 9>3> ?><VG=8:>< ?@87=0G8;8 ..01>;>B=>3>. E=V =0C:>2V 4>?>2V4V, ?@8A2OG5=V 28A2VB;5==N ?@>1;5<8 B0 70240=L 5:A?548FVW, 283>;>H5=V =0 70AV40==V 8W2AL:>3> ">20@8AB20 ;V:0@V2, 28:;8:0;8 25;8:89 V=B5@5A C ?@8ACB=VE. # ;NB><C 1897 @. =0C:>20 3@><04AL:VABL C@>G8AB> ?@>2>460;0 WE 7 :8W2AL:>3> 2>:70;C =0 1>@>BL1C 7V AB@0H=>N E2>@>1>N C 40;5:8E :@0OE.  0 B@8 <VAOFV @>1>B8 1C;> >45@60=> 206;82V @57C;LB0B8 7 ?8B0=L 5?V45<V>;>3VW GC<8 B0 70A>1V2 1>@>BL18 7 =5N. )>1 4>A;V48B8 45O:V 0A?5:B8 WW <0A>2>3> ?>H8@5==O, ..01>;>B=89 7 ><15O 28WE02 C !0C4V2AL:C @02VN. >25@=C2H8AL 7 =4VW B0 @02VW, 2V= :V;L:0 <VAOFV2 ?@0FN202 =0 70?@>H5==O ..5G=8:>20 C A;02*hjИ(.JумЮМєМуёуU#hbhb5ЃCJ,OJQJmH"sH"#hbhVWD5ЃCJ,OJQJmH"sH"hbhVWD5ЃCJmH"sH"hbhVWDhbhVWDCJmH"sH"*ћИК:Љ4d! =AB8BCBV 0AB5@0 2 0@86V, >1@>1;ONG8 ?@82575=V <0B5@V0;8. # 1898 @. 7=>2C 5:A?548FVO, FL>3> @07C C >=3>;VN. V4 G0A FVTW 5:A?548FVW ..01>;>B=89 @>7@>182 3V?>B57C ?@> VA=C20==O C ?@8@>4V >A5@54:V2 GC<8, 45 715@V30NBLAO <V:@>18 2 ?5@V>4 70BCE0==O 5?V45<VW. &O 3V?>B570 7=09H;0 ?V4B25@465==O ?@8 ?>2B>@=8E 5:A?548FVOE C >=3>;VN 2 1910 1911 @@., :>;8 1C;> 15770?5@5G=> 4>2545=> 72 O7>: <V6 A?0;0E0<8 5?V45<V9 A5@54 ;N459 V 5?V7>>BV9 A5@54 48:8E 3@87C=V2 (B0@1030=V2).  06;828< @57C;LB0B>< ?@>2545=8E 5:A?548FV9 AB0;8 DC=40<5=B0;L=V =0C:>2V ?@0FV ..01>;>B=>3> «'C<0 (Pestis bubonica), 5?V45<V>;>3VO, ?0B>35=57 V ?@>DV;0:B8:0» (1907), «>A;V465==O GC<8» (1899 1901), «535=520 GC<0 2 0=LG6C@VW 1910 1911 @@.» B0 V=. G5=89 28ABC?02 =0 <V6=0@>4=8E :>=D5@5=FVOE: 7 GC<8 (C:45=, 1911 @.), 7 GC<8, E>;5@8, 6>2B>W ;8E><0=:8 (0@86, 1912 @.).  @> <V6=0@>4=5 287=0==O, 74>1CB5 ..01>;>B=8< C 1>@>BL1V 7 V=D5:FV9=8<8 E2>@>10<8 ;N48=8, A2V4G8BL D@0=FC7L:89 >@45= >G5A=>3> 53V>=C, >45@60=89 =8< 2V4 =AB8BCBC 0AB5@0 C 0@86V (=8=V F59 >@45= B0 <540;L 715@V30NBLAO C 8W2AL:><C VAB>@8G=><C <C75W).  > 70:V=G5==V 1><159AL:>W 5:A?548FVW C 1898 @. ..01>;>B=>3> 70?@>A8;8 4> =AB8BCBC 5:A?5@8<5=B0;L=>W <548F8=8 2 5B5@1C@7V, V =0ABC?=V 30 @>:V2 9>3> 4VO;L=>ABV 1C;8 ?>2 O70=V 7 F8< <VAB><. @>B5 2V= =V:>;8 =5 ?>@8202 =0C:>28E, :C;LBC@=8E B0 ;N4AL:8E 72 O7:V2 7 #:@0W=>N. 0=8;> 8@8;>28G =5 701C202 @V4=>W <>28, GC4>2>W C:@0W=AL:>W ?@8@>48 B0 ?@0F5;N1=>3>, 4>1@>78G;82>3> =0@>4C. # 1920 @. 70 9>3> V=VFV0B82>N 2 45AV 1C;> AB2>@5=> ?5@HC 2 :@0W=V :0D54@C 5?V45-<V>;>3VW, O:>N 2V= :5@C202. ..01>;>B=><C =5>4=>@07>2> ?@>?>=C20;8 ?>25@=CB8AO 4> 8T20 9 >G>;8B8 :045<VN =0C: #:@0W=8, G;5=>< O:>W 2V= 1C2 7 1922 @. 0@5HBV, 3 B@02=O 1928 @., ?VA;O >45@60==O 2V4 =L>3> 73>48, 9>3> 1C;> >1@0=> ?@57845=B>< A5C:@0W=AL:>W :045<VW =0C:. !B0;>AO B0:, I> =0 FV9 ?>A04V 2V= ?5@51C202 =54>23> B@>E8 1V;LH5 =V6 ?V2B>@0 @>:C, 0;5 2AB83 7@>18B8 =5<0;>. 0 F59 G0A 1C;> ?@89=OB> =>289 AB0BCB :045<VW =0C:, >1@0=> 33 =>28E