У нас: 141825 рефератів
Щойно додані Реферати Тор 100
Скористайтеся пошуком, наприклад Реферат        Грубий пошук Точний пошук
Вхід в абонемент





&5=B@ "">@3?@5A0" 709<0TBLAO B>@3V2;5N V B><C <0T 2 A2>W9 AB@C:BC@V @>730;C65=C @>74@V1=>-B>@3V25;L=C <5@56C 2 <. '5@:0A8, <. !<V;0 B0 <. >;>B>=>H0, I> 28<030T VA=C20==O B>@3>2>3> 2V44V;C. "0: O: &5=B@ B>@3CT ?@5A>N B0 B>20@0<8 =0@>4=>3> A?>6820==O, B> =5>1EV4=5 WE ?>AB0G0==O B0 A:;04C20==O, 2 FL><C 9 ?>;O30NBL DC=:FVW 2V44V;C 5:A?548BC20==O . 0O2=VABL 1CE30;B5@VW, 2V44V;C :04@V2 B0 04<V=VAB@0B82=> 3>A?>40@G>3> 2V44V;C =5>1EV4=0 :>6=V9 >@30=V70FVW, >A>1;82> O:I> 2>=0 709<0TBLAO :><5@FV9=>N 4VO;L=VABN.2.4. ?;82 E0@0:B5@C 1V7=5AC =0 @>7<V@ V 2=CB@VH=N :C;LBC@C>@30=V70FVW&5=B@ "">@3?@5A0" 2V4=>A8BLAO 70 A2>W<8 @>7<V@0<8 4> =525;8:8E >@30=V70FV9 V F5 28?@0240=> WE B>@3>25;L=>N 4VO;L=VABN, I> ?>B@51CT:- 3=CG:>ABV V >?5@0B82=>W 040?B0FVW 4> A8BC0FV9 =0 @8=:C, B0 ?>B@51 A?>6820GV2, I> ?5@<0=5=B=> 7<V=NNBLAO;- =570;56=VABL 4V9, A0<>ABV9=VABL V A2>1>4C ?@8 281>@V B0 74V9A=5==V 3>A?>40@AL:>3> <0=52@C;- 1V;LH =87L:8E C?@02;V=AL:8E 28B@0B;- =0FV;5=VABL C 702B@0H=V9 45=L, ?5@A?5:B82C, I> 7C<>2;5=> ?>ABV9=8<8 7<V=0<8 @8=:>2>W A8BC0FVW, ?>O2>N =>28E :>=:C@5=BV2, 7<V=>N 70?8BV2 B0 A<0:V2 A?>6820GV2. "5, I> >@30=V70FVO 709<0TBLAO :><5@FV9=>N 4VO;L=VABN B0:>6 2?;820T =0 WW 2=CB@VH=N :C;LBC@C B0 V<V46. &5=B@ "">@3?@5A0" O: 1C4L-O:0 B>@3>20 >@30=V70FVO, :>@8ABCTBLAO :@548B0<8 10=:C, <0T ?>ABV9=8E :;VT=BV2 B0 ?>AB0G0;L=8:V2, B><C I> 4;O =5W 206;82> <0B8 @5?CB0FVN G5A=>3> V 2V4?>2V40;L=>3> ?0@B=5@0, O:89 28ABC?0T 30@0=B>< CA?VH=>W A?V2?@0FV 4;O A2>WE ?0@B=5@V2 ?> 1V7=5AC.A=CT B0:>6 ?>=OBBO A>FV>:C;LBC@8 - F5 A>FV0;L=>-?A8E>;>3VG=89 :><?>=5=B >@30=V70FVW, WW 4CE>2=89 B0 V45>;>3VG=89 7<VAB. @>:C 2 @V: =0@>ICTBLAO 7=0G5==O A>FV>:C;LBC@8 2 1V7=5AV O:I> 2 <8=C;><C ?@0:B8G=> 2AV =>2>22545==O ?>G8=0;8AO ?5@5206=> 7 B5E=VG=8E V >@3AB@C:BC@=8E ?5@51C4>2, B> 70@07 2 G8A;> ?5@H>G5@3>28E ?@>1;5< 2:;NG0NBL ?8B0==O ?5@51C4>28 A>FV>:C;LBC@8. ;5 F5 1V;LH @>7?>2AN465=0 2 0EV4=8E :@0W=0E 7 @>728=CB>N 5:>=><V:>N. 0HV9 :@0W=V =5>1EV4=> 1C45 7<V=8B8 A?>G0B:C B8? <8A;5==O, I>1 >AO3=CB8 =5>1EV4=VABL ?5@51C4>28 A>FV>:C;LBC@8 =0 ?V4?@8T<AB20E, CAB0=>20E B0 >@30=V70FVOE. [17, A.154-155]0 A2>W< 7<VAB>< A>FV>:C;LBC@0 O2;OT A>1>N A8AB5<C ?0=CNG8E 2 >@30=V70FVW FV==>AB59, 4C<>: V =>@< ?>254V=:8. ;0A=5 A;>2> ":C;LBC@0" 2 40=><C 28?04:C, >7=0G0T @>7C<V==O B>3>, O: A;V4 4VOB8 2 ?;0=V 4>AO3=5==O FV;59 >@30=V70FVW. !>FV>:C;LBC@0 28=8:0T =0 >A=>2V @V7=8E O28I. @30=V70FVW, I> BV;L:8 =0@>46CNBLAO 728G09=> >45@6CNBL 4;O FL>3> 45O:89 ?>HB>2E 2V4 A2>3> 70A=>2=8:0. &5=B@ "">@3?@5A0" >45@602 B0:89 ?>HB>2E 2V4 "'5@:0A8?>HB0".@8 >FV=FV ABC?V=V 2?;82C A>FV>:C;LBC@8 =0 4VO;L=VABL >@30=V70FVW 2@0E>2CNBL B@8 D0:B>@8: A?@O<>20=VABL, H8@>B0 V A8;0. 5@H89 D0:B>@ 2:07CT =0 B5, O: A>FV>:C;LBC@0 2?;820T =0 4>AO3=5==O <5B8 >@30=V70FVW - 4>?><030T 01> 30;L<CT; 4@C389 D0:B>@ A2V4G8BL ?@> H8@>BC @>7?>2AN465==O V45W A>FV>:C;LBC@8 A5@54 ?5@A>=0;C V B@5BV9 D0:B>@ E0@0:B5@87CT<V@C ?@89=OBBO ?5@A>=0;>< V45W V FV==>AB59 A>FV>:C;LBC@8.2V4A8 7@>7C<V;>, I> BV;L:8 B0 A>FV>:C;LBC@0 ?>78B82=> 2?;820T =0 >@30=V70FVN, O:0 ?V4B@8<CT WW FV;V, H8@>:> >E>?;NT ?@0FV2=8:V2 V 7=0E>48BL 2 WE A5@FOE 30@OG89 2V4:;8:. AV V=HV 20@V0=B8 7 :><1V=0FVW B@L>E D0:B>@V2 A2V4G0BL ?@> =57=0G=89 =02VBL H:V4;8289 2?;82 A>FV>:C;LBC@8 =0 >@30=V70FVN.!>FV>:C;LBC@=V A:;04>2V, 0 A0<5 FV==>ABV, 4C<:8 V A>FV0;L=V =>@<8 206:> 70<VB8B8 2 WE 15A?>A5@54=L><C ?@>O2V. 4=0: 2AV 2>=8 ?@>3;O4CNBLAO G5@57 A8AB5<C 48=0<VG=8E D0:B>@V2 B0:8E O::- 2V4=>H5==O ?@0FV2=8:V2 4> A2>TW B@C4>2>W 4VO;L=>ABV V 4> @>1>G>3> <VAFO;- 2=CB@VH=L> >@30=V70FV9=0 A>FV0;L=0 :><C=V:0FVO;- C?@02;V=AL:0 :C;LBC@0 >@30=V70FVW;- ?0=CNGV 2 >@30=V70FVW <>B820FVO V <>@0;L.!?@>1CT<> ?@>0=0;V7C20B8 A:;04>2V A>FV>:C;LBC@8 &5=B@C. >-?5@H5 ?> 2V4=>H5==N 4> @>1>B8 ?@0FV2=8:V2:- 2 >@30=V70FVW =5 =040TBLAO <>6;82>ABV =09<0=8< ?@0FV2=8:0< >?0=C20B8 A?5FV0;L=VABN;- >@30=V70FVO =5 <>65 =040B8 <>6;82>ABV 1060NG8< 4;O >?0=C20==O =>28<8 A?5FV0;L=>ABO<8;- 2 ?V4@>74V;0E >@30=V70FVW =0;03>465=0 @>7C<=0 A8AB5<0 28AC20==O =0 =>2V ?>A048;- @>1>GV <VAFO >1;0HB>20=V 70 52@>AB0=40@B0<8 C ?5@5206=>W 1V;LH>ABV BV;L:8 04<V=VAB@0B82=>3> ?5@A>=0;C;- 2A5 I> =5>1EV4=> 4;O @>1>B8 ?5@A>=0;0, 7=0E>48BLAO ?V4 @C:>N, 0;5 F5 =5 A2V4G8BL ?@> :><D>@B ?@0FV2=8:V2. &5 AB>ACTBLAO ?@>402FV2, I> ?@0FNNBL 2 :V>A:0E @>74@V1=>W <5@56V &5=B@C, G5@57 =57=0G=C B>@3>2C ?;>IC V H8@>:89 0A>@B8<5=B 28=8:0NBL ?52=V =57@CG=>ABV;- 206:> AC48B8 , G8 ?>4>10TBLAO @>1>B0 ?@0FV2=8:0<, B><C I> 2 AL>3>4=VH=VE 5:>=><VG=8E >1AB028=0E 704>2>;5==O @>1>B>N C 1V;LH>ABV 287=0G0TBLAO ?@O<> ?@>?>@FV9=> 25;8G8=V 70@?;0B=V;- B@C4>25 =020=B065==O <>6=0 22060B8 >?B8<0;L=8< C 2AO:><C @07V 4;O 04<V=VAB@0B82=>3> ?5@A>=0;C. B>9 65 G0A ?@>402FV ?@0FNNBL 7 9-30 4> 18-30 HVABL 4=V2 =0 B8645=L. "0:5 =020=B065==O =5 <>6=0 22060B8 >?B8<0;L=8<."5?5@, I>4> :><C=V:0FV9:- 2 >@30=V70FVW VA=CNBL GVB:V ?>A04>2V V=AB@C:FVW I>4> ?@028; ?>254V=:8 4;O 04<V=VAB@0B82=>3> ?5@A>=0;C B0 7030;L=V V=AB@C:FVW 4;O 28@>1=8G>3>;- 2 >@30=V70FVW =0;03>465=0 A8AB5<0 :><C=V:0FV9, FL><C A?@8OT AB@C:BC@0 >@30=V70FVW B0 <5B>48 C?@02;V==O;- VA=CNBL @V7=V D>@<8 V <5B>48 :><C=V:0FV9 - 4V;>2V :>=B0:B8, 71>@8, I>B86=52V 4;O 04<V=VAB@0B82=>3> ?5@A>=0;C V @07 =0 <VAOFL 4;O 28@>1=8G>3>, 4@C:>20=0 V=D>@<0FVO;- =5 VA=CT =5C73>465=>ABV 2 >45@60==V 2=CB@V >@30=V70FVW V=D>@<0FVW, 0;5 1C20NBL V 28:;NG5==O;- AB8<C;NTBLAO 42>AB>@>==O :><C=V:0FVO, FL><C A?@8OT <0;>G8A5;L=VABL 04<V=VAB@0FVW, V ?@0FO 2 @568<V T48=>W :><0=48.=0;V7 I>4> C?@02;V==O 2 >@30=V70FVW - 4VO;L=VABL >@30=V70FVW GVB:> V 45B0;L=> >@30=V7>20=0, ?@> I> A2V4G0BL =0O2=VABL ?;0=V2 V @>7?>@O465=L =0 B8645=L, <VAOFL, :20@B0;, ?V2@VGGO, @V:; - 206:> 7@>7C<VB8 G8 ?@89<0NBLAO ACG0A=V V 5D5:B82=V @VH5==O 2 >@30=V70FVW, 0465 ?@81CB:>20 4VO;L=VABL =5 702648 A2V4G8BL ?@> F5, B><C I> <>65 1CB8 ?@89=OB5 @VH5==O ?>78B82=V =0A;V4:8 O:>3> 28O2;OBLAO ;8H5 2 <091CB=L><C; - ?@0FV2=8:8 >@30=V70FVW 15@CBL CG0ABL C ?@89=OBBV @VH5=L 2 <560E A2>TW :><?5B5=FVW, 0;5 @VH5==O ?@89<0TBLAO 157?>A5@54=L> :5@V2=8:><; - 2 >@30=V70FVW =5 VA=CT O: B0:>W A8AB5<8 ?@>D5AV9=>W >FV=:8 4VO;L=>ABV ?@0FV2=8:V2, 0;5 ?@> 4VO;L=VABL :>6=>3> ?@0FV2=8:0 <>6=0 AC48B8 7 B>3>, =0A:V;L:8 9>3> 2=5A>: A?@8OT 4>AO3=5==N FV;59 >@30=V70FVW, 0 ?@0FO 28:>=0==N ?>AB02;5=8E :>=:@5B=8E 70240=L; - 48AF8?;V=0@=V 70E>48 2 >@30=V70FVW 70AB>A>2CNBLAO O: 28:;NG5==O;- 2 >@30=V70FVW ?@0:B8:CTBLAO 45;53C20==O ?>2=>2065=L =86G8< ?>A040<.)>4> 0=0;V7C <>B820FV9 V <>@0;V 2 >@30=V70FVW A;V4 70C2068B8 I>: - A8AB5<0 70@?;0B=V V=>4V 28:;8:0T =0@V:0==O 7 1>:C
Сторінки: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24