У нас: 141825 рефератів
Щойно додані Реферати Тор 100
Скористайтеся пошуком, наприклад Реферат        Грубий пошук Точний пошук
Вхід в абонемент



Реферат - Культурні епохи
19
"@0;LAL:89, 5FV9 <V4V9AL:89 (VI AB.), 025; 3V=AL:89 (VII AB.). !B2>@5==O B0:8E 5=F8:;>?54V9 AB0;> 7=0G=8< 2:;04>< 2V70=BV9AL:8E 2G5=8E C 715@565==O =0C:>28E 7=0=L AB0@>402=L>3> A2VBC.# A5@548=V IX AB. C V70=BVW CB2>@NNBLAO 28IV =02G0;L=V 70:;048, 45 ?>@O4 7 DV;>A>DVTN, <0B5<0B8:>N, 0AB@>=><VTN, DV;>;>3VTN 28:;040;0AO B0:>6 <548F8=0.5;8:>N 70A;C3>N A5@54=L>2VG=>W <548F8=8 !E>4C AB0;> AB2>@5==O 3@><04AL:8E ;V:0@5=L V 0?B5:. V:0@=V 28=8:0;8 =0 >A=>2V ?@8BC;:V2 4;O ?>4>@>6=VE, FL><C A?@8O2 @>728B>: B>@3V2;V V =5>1EV4=VABL =04020B8 4>?><>3C E2>@8<, O:V 7C?8=O;8AO 2 70W7=8E 42>@0E. #B@8<0==O ;V:0@5=L C V70=BVW 7=0E>48;>AL C 2V40==V F5@:28. AB0BCB0E 2V70=BV9AL:8E <>=0AB8@V2 <VAB82AO 45B0;L=89 >?8A @>7?>@O4:C ;V:0@5=L, >@30=V70FVW =02G0==O ;V:0@AL:V9 A?@02V, =040==O 4>?><>38 E2>@8<.024O:8 ?>ABV9=8< 72'O7:0< 7 V70=BVTN 8W2AL:0 CAL @0=VH5, =V6 =0@>48 0EV4=>W 2@>?8, >7=09><8;0AO 7 :C;LBC@=8<8 4>AO3=5==O<8 0=B8G=>3> A2VBC.VA;O 70=5?04C 8<AL:>W V<?5@VW B0 ?>4V;C WW =0 42V G0AB8=8 F5=B@>< !EV4=>W 8<AL:>W V<?5@VW AB0T >=AB0=B8=>?>;L, 70A=>20=89 C 330 @. =0 <VAFV 402=L>3@5FL:>3> ?>A5;5==O V70=BV9. 2V4A8 9 ?>E>48BL =0720 25;8G57=>W =0445@6028 V70=BVW, 4> O:>W 2E>48;8 2 @V7=V G0A8 0:54>=VO, !8@VO, 0;0 7VO, 38?5B. @8@>4=>, I> =0 <8AB5FB2> V70=BVW, O:5 @>7­2820;>AO <0965 ?@>BO3>< B8AOG>;VBBO (395 1453), 2?;820;8 =5 BV;L:8 3@5:>-5;;V=VAB8G=V B@048FVW, 0 9 EC4>6=O :C;LBC@0 5@54=L3> !E>4C, 0 B0:>6 20@20@AL:8E 45@602, C B><C G8A;V ACAV4V2-A;>2'O=.0 5?>E8 !5@54=L>2VGGO E@8AB8O=AL:0 V45>;>3VO ?@>=8:0T 2 CAV AD5@8 !CA?V;L=>3> 68BBO, ?V4:>@NNG8 A>1V DV;>A>DVN, =0C:C, <8AB5FB2>. !2VBAL:0 V 4CE>2=0 2;048 270T<=> 4>?>2­=NNBL >4=0 >4=C: <>3CB=V D5>40;8 1C;8 2>4=>G0A V 2A5A8;L=8<8 F5@:>2=8:0<8. 8AB5FB2> FL>3> ?5@V>4C <0;> 28@07=> @5;V3V9=89 E0@0:B5@. $V78G=> 9 4CE>2=> 4>A:>=0;0 ;N­48=0 ?@>2V4=89 <>B82 0=B8G=>3> <8AB5FB20 1V;LH5 =5 ?@825@B0T C2038 EC4>6=8:V2. V4B5?5@ ?@>?>2V4CNBLAO 0A:5B8G=V V450;8, 2V@0 C ?>B>91VG=89 A2VB AB0T <>3CB=V< 7=0@O44O< C @C:0E F5@:28, 48:BCT <8AB5FB2C >A=>2=C B5<0B8:C.8AB5FB2> V70=BVW 1C;> ?V4?>@O4:>20=5 4>3<0< E@8AB8O=AB20. %C4>6=8: ?>2=VABN 70;5602 2V4 28@>1;5=8E @07 V =0702648, 2AB0=>2;5=8E ?@02>A;02=>N F5@:2>N :0=>=V2. =0G=V 4>AO3=5==O <8AB5FB20 V70=BVW ?>2'O70=V V7 E@0<>28< 1C4V2=8FB2><. (5452@>< @0==L>2V70=BV9AL:>W 0@EVB5:BC@8 T A>1>@ A2. !>DVW 2 >=AB0=B8=>?>;V (532 537 @@.). &5 25;8G57=0 9 <0A82=0 A?>@C40 70228H:8 55 <. >A=>2V WW :><?>78FVW B@8=5D=0 1078;V:0 284>265=0, ?@O<>:CB=0 1C4V2;O. 8A>:5 A:;5?V==O C2V=GC20;>AO 3V30=BAL:8< :C?>;>< (9>3> 4V0<5B@ 31<), >B>G5=8< 7 >1>E 1>:V2 =0?V2:C?>;0<8. !>@>: 2C7L:8E 2V:>=, @>7<VI5=8E 2 >A=>2V F5=B@0;L=>3> :C?>;0, ?@>?CA:0NBL C 2=CB@VH=T ?@8<VI5==O A2VB;>, 7024O:8 G><C :>=AB@C:FVO 740TBLAO ;53:>N V ?@>AB>@>N.V7=VH5, C IX AB., ?0=V2=8< 2 0@EVB5:BC@V AB0T B0: 720=89 E@5AB>2>-:C?>;L=89 B8? F5@:>2=8E A?>@C4. &V E@0<8 C2V=GC20;8AO 10=O<8-:C?>;0<8. @8:;04>< ?0<'OB=8:V2 B0:>3> B8?C T E@0< $5>4>@0 2 DV=0E.> 287=0G=8E ?0<'OB=8:V2 2V70=BV9AL:>W 0@EVB5:BC@8 =0;560BL E@0<8, ?>1C4>20=V 2 025==V: B@8=5D=0 1078;V:0 !0= ?>;V=0@5 (549 @.) V F5=B@0;L=>:C?>;L=0 F5@:20 !0= VB0;5 (526 547 @@.), >74>1;5=V @>7:VH=8<8 <>70W:0<8.0 V70=BV9AL:89 682>?8A, O:89, =0 60;L, ?>30=> 715@V3AO 4> =0H8E G0AV2, ?><VB=> 2?;8=C;8 5;;V=VAB8G=V B@048FVW. >70W:0 2 F5@:20E V:5W, 025==8 B0 $5AA0;>=V:, D@5A:8 2 0AB5;LA5?@V> 7>1@06CNBL AF5=8, ?>2'O70=V 7 68BBO< %@8AB0.#O2;5==O ?@> @0==V9 ?5@V>4 682>?8AC V70=BVW 40NBL <>70W:8 025==8, 7>:@5<0 F5@:28 !0= VB0;5. !5@54 :@0I8E :><?>78FVW "<?5@0B>@ .AB8=V0= 7 ?>GB><" B0 "<?5@0B@8FO $5>4>@0 7 ?>GB><". >;L>@>20 30<0 <>70W: =0A8G5=0 OA:@028<8 7>;>B8AB8<8, 1V;8<8, 1;0:8B=8<8, G5@2>=8<8 10@20<8, I> <5@5EBOBL V ?5@5;820NBLAO.82>?8A=0 :C;LBC@0 V70=BVW 4>AO30T @>7:2VBC 2 IX X AB. > FL>3> ?5@V>4C =0;560BL <>70W:8 F5@:28 A2. !>DVW, O:V 7>1@060NBL AF5=8 <VDVG=8E ?5@A>=06V2 B0 VAB>@8G=8E >AV1: V<?5@0B>@ 52 C4@89 ?5@54 B@>=>< %@8AB0, V<?5@0B>@ >ABO=B8= 40@CT >3><0B5@V 70A=>20=5 =8< <VAB> B>I>. 1'T<=5 <>45;N20==O, ?>@B@5B=0 AE>6VABL, 1;03>@>4=V ?@>?>@FVW DV3C@, :>=B@0AB=0, 1030B>:>;L>@>20 30<0 E0@0:B5@87CNBL FV <>70W:8.@07:8 ?V7=VH8E <>70W: 715@53;8AO 2 F5@:20E #A?V==O 2 V:5W B0 0D=V (1V;O DV=). >70W:8 BCB A:;040NBL >@30=VG=C T4=VABL 7 :>=AB@C:FVTN E@0<V2. >=8 @>7<VI5=V C 25@E=V9 G0AB8=V 1C4V25;L V 4>1@5 C73>465=V V7 7030;L=8<8 0@EVB5:BC@=8<8 D>@<0<8.8IV2=>3> C40@C V70=BV9AL:V9 V<?5@VW =0 ?>G0B:C XIII AB. 70240;8 E@5AB>2V ?>E>48. %@0<8 V ?0;0F8 1C;8 ?>3@01>20=V, EC4>6=V FV==>ABV 282575=V, <09AB@8, O:V 70;8H8;8AO 6828<8, 5<V3@C20;8. @>B5 265 =0 <56V XIII V XIV AB. C 2V70=BV9AL:V9 :C;LBC@V ?>G0;>AO A2>T@V4=5 2V4@>465==O <8AB5FB20.>25@=5==O 4> B@048FV9 0=B8G=>ABV A?@89<0;>AL O: CB25@465==O A2>3> =0FV>=0;L=>3> AB8;N. # 682>?8AV 2 F59 G0A @>7H8@NTBLAO A0<0 B5<0B8:0, C :><?>78FVOE ?5@52060NBL @>7?>2V4=V 5;5<5=B8, 7@>AB0T @>;L ?59706C. !BV=8 E@0<V2 2:@820NBL 1030B>H0@>28<8 D@5A:0<8, 1V;LH5 28:>@8AB>2CTBLAO 45:>@. V4><8<8 ?0<'OB:0<8 FL>3> G0AC T <>70W:8 <>=0AB8@O %>@0 2 >=AB0=B8=>?>;V. !F5=8 =0 1V1;V9=V, AN65B8 ?@>9=OBV 68BBT2>N 2V@>3V4=VABN B0 5<>FV9=VABN.=0G=>3> @>728B:C 4>AO30T C V70=BVW V:>=>?8A=5 <8AB5FB2>. # 1030BL>E <C75OE A2VBC 715@V30NBLAO GC4>2V 7@07:8 2V70=BV9AL:8E V:>=. "@5BLO:>2AL:C 30;5@5N ?@8:@0H0T 7=0<5=8B0 V:>=0 >;>48<8@AL:>W 1>3><0B5@V, ?@82575=0 7 V70=BVW 4> 8W2AL:>W CAV I5 2 VII AB. >=0 2BV;NT 1;03>@>4AB2>, =V6=VABL, <0B5@8=AL:C :@0AC. > 6V=>G>3> ;8FO 3>@=5BLAO 48BO. 0B8 =V18 ?5@54GC20T B@03VG=C 4>;N A8=0. WW >G0E 70AB83 A<CB>:. 48= V7 H5452@V2 682>?8AC V:>=0 "20=04FOB8 0?>AB>;V2" 7=0E>48BLAO 2 C75W >1@07>B2>@G>3> <8AB5FB20 C >A:2V. >1>BV 2;0AB82V GVB:89 :><?>78FV9=89 @8B<, B5<0B8G=>-A<8A;>20 A?>@V4=5=VABL, 1;03>@>4AB2> 10@2.=0G=5 <VAF5 C 2V70=BV9AL:V9 EC4>6=V9 :C;LBC@V 709<0;0 <V=V0BN@0. >=0 7=0G=>N <V@>N 2V41820;0 @50;L=C 4V9A=VABL, ?>45:C48 =0A;V4CNG8 0=B8G=C B@048FVN. > :@0I8E B2>@V2 A;V4 2V4=5AB8 0@87L:89 ?A0;B8@ (X AB.). # <V=V0BN@V "0284, I> 3@0T =0 ;NB=V" >1@07 <C78:0=B0 ?@8201;NT @50;V7<><, 7=0G=5 <VAF5 2 :><?>78FVW ?>AV40T ?59706.15@V30NG8 0=B8G=V B@048FVW, 2V70=BV9AL:5 <8AB5FB2> 28@>18;> 2;0A=89 C@>G8AB>-@5?@575=B0B82=89 AB8;L, ?>2'O70=89 3>;>2=8< G8=>< 7 F5@:>2=8<8 4>3<0<8. 09AB@8 V70=BVW 7C<V;8 =048E=CB8 :0=>=VG=V D>@<8 @50;VAB8G=VABN, 6828<8 >7=0:0<8 G0AC, 5<>FV9=> =0A8B8B8 7>1@065==O.# 1453 @. 2=0A;V4>: BC@5FL:>3> 702>N20==O V70=BV9AL:0 V<?5@VO ?@8?8=8;0 A2>T VA=C20==O. @>B5 2?;82 WW :C;LBC@8 OA:@02> ?>7=0G82AO =0 <8AB5FB2V 0EV4=>W 2@>?8,
Сторінки: 1 2 3 4 5 6