У нас: 141825 рефератів
Щойно додані Реферати Тор 100
Скористайтеся пошуком, наприклад Реферат        Грубий пошук Точний пошук
Вхід в абонемент



Реферат - Культурні епохи
19
2 ACA?V;L=5 68BBO ;8H5 7025@HC20;> A>1>N D>@<C20==O @0FV>=0;V7<C O: 2V4<VB=>W @8A8 V A?>A>1C 4C<:8, V A?>A>1C 68BBO ;N48=8 >2>3> G0AC. F8E C<>20E ?>3;818;8AL @>7<56C20==O <V6 =0C:>N V @5;V3VTN. @54<5B>< =0C:8 AB0;0 ?@8@>40, ?V4 O:>N B5?5@ @>7C<V;>AO 2A5 VA=CNG5 @07>< 7 ;N48=>N, 2A5 I> <>6=0 282G8B8 5<?V@8G=8< <5B>4>< V ?>OA=N20B8, :5@CNG8AL 0@3C<5=B0<8 @>7C<C. >G8=0;0AL 4>10 ?0=C20==O <5E0=VAB8G=>3> 45B5@<V=V7<C, ?@8=F8?8 O:>3> @>7?>2AN46C20;8AL =5 ;8H5 =0 ?@8@>4C, 0 =02VBL =0 ACA?V;LAB2> V ;N48=C. ;5 @0FV>=0;V7< 2 BV9 VAB>@8G=V9 D>@<V 1C2 AC<VA=8< 7 E@8AB8O=AL:>N @5;V3VTN, 7 WW 2G5==O< ?@> @>7C<=VABL AB2>@5=>3> 1>3>< A2VBC. 5;V3VO 70;8H0TBLAO ?@>2V4=>N 4CE>2=>N 70A04>N =5 BV;L:8 =0@>4=>W :C;LBC@8, 0;5 9 =0C:8. @> 1>30 7304CNBL <0965 2 CAVE DV;>A>DAL:8E B@0:B0B0E B>3> G0AC. >H8@NTBLAO, O: V 2 4>1C V4@>465==O, :>=F5?FVO 42>E VAB8= , @>72820NBLAO V 7<VF=NNBLAO B0:V :><?@><VA=V V45>;>3VG=V V A2VB>3;O4=V D>@<8 O: ?0=B5W7< V 45W7< ( 45 1>30 01> >B>B>6=N20;8 7 ?@8@>4>N, 01> 7=0G=> >1<56C20;8 2 9>3> DC=:FVOE ?> 2V4=>H5==N 4> =5W). ?>78FV9 5<?V@8G=>3>, @0FV>=0;VAB8G=>3> A2VB>3;O4C 4VOGV :C;LBC@8 =0<030;8AL 28@VH8B8 V ?@>1;5<C ;N48=8. V41C20;0AL ?5@5>@VT=B0FVO ACA?V;L=8E V450;V2, 2>=8 AB020;8 1V;LH ?@03<0B8G=8<8, ?>7102;O;8AL 35@>W:>-@><0=B8G=>3> 7010@2;5==O. ;O <0A>2>W A2V4><>ABV V450; ?V4?@8T<;82>W ;N48=8, :C?FO, 4>?8B;82>3> 2G5=>3> AB0T 1V;LH ?@8201;828<, 0=V6 V450; ;8F0@O G8 G5=FO-0A:5B0. ;5 74>@>289 3;C74 <0A>2>W A2V4><>ABV, 7 WW >@VT=B0FVTN =0 ?V4?@8T<=8FL:89 CA?VE V 4V;>2C V=VFV0B82C, 74V9A=N202 =5 BV;L:8 B2>@GC, 0;5 9 @C9=V2=C @>1>BC 2 AD5@V 4CEC, =V3V;VAB8G=> 2V4:840NG8 <>@0;L=V 9 5AB5B8G=V FV==>ABV, O:I> 2>=8 =5 1C;8 ?>B@V1=8<8 4;O 4>AO3=5==O <5@:0=B8;L=8E V=B5@5AV2.06;828< T ?8B0==O ?@> B5 O: A?@89<0;0 ;N48=0 A2>T 68BBO: >?B8<VAB8G=> G8 ?5A8<VAB8G=>. ;VB5@0BC@V 7CAB@VG0T<> ?@>B8;56=V 2V4?>2V4V =0 F5 ?8B0==O. #A?VE8 ?@8@>4=8G8E =0C:, @>7:@V?0G5==O ;N4AL:>3> @>7C<C 157C<>2=> A?@8O;8 AB25@465==N >?B8<V7<C. ;5 2>=8 >4=>G0A=> ?>@>46CNBL ?52=89 ?5A8<V7<. # =>2V9 A8AB5<V A2VB>3;O4=8E :>>@48=0B ;N48=0 ?>AB0;0 <0;5=L:>N ;0=:>N 25;8G=>3> <5E0=V7<C ?@8@>48, 0 A8AB5<0 ACA?V;L=8E AB@C:BC@ ?@>B8AB>O;0 ;N48=V O: I>AL =57103=5==5 V 2>@>65. !;V4 707=0G8B8, I> %# AB. 1C;> =04B> A:;04=8< 70 A2>W<8 A>FV0;L=8<8 B0 4CE>2=8<8 ?@>F5A0<8. 2@>?V =5 ?@8?8=O;8AL <0A>2V :@>2>?@>;8BBO. 0 7<V=C @5;V3V9=8< 2V9=0<, O:V AC?@>2>46C20;8 @5D>@<0FVN %# AB., ?@89H;0 =5 <5=H :@82020 V @C9=V2=0 B@84FOB8;VB=O 2V9=0 (1618-1648 @.@.), <0A>28<8 2182AB20<8 AC?@>2>46C20;8AL @52>;NFV9=V ?>4VW 2 V45@;0=40E, =3;VW. C<>20E ?@>B8AB02;5=>ABV ;N48=8 ?@8@>4V V ACA?V;LAB2C ?>ABC?>2> 28=8:0T B@VI8=0 <V6 >A>18ABVABN V A2VB><, <V6 >:@5<>N ;N48=>N V ACA?V;L=8< A5@54>28I5<, I> ?@872>48BL 4> 7@>AB0==O 0:B82=>ABV ;N48=8, >A:V;L:8 B5?5@ 2>=0 <>3;0 ?>:;040B8AO BV;L:8 =0 A0<C A515.C@E;82V ?>4VW A>FV0;L=>3> 68BBO, =0C:>2V 2V4:@8BBO, @048:0;L=V 7<V=8 C A2VB>10G5==V V A2VB>2V4GCBBV ;N459 =5 <>3;8 =5 28:;8:0B8 ?52=8E ?@>F5AV2 C EC4>6=V9 :C;LBC@V, A?@8OB8 =0@>465==N =>28E =0?@O<:V2 V <5B>4V2 B2>@G>ABV. # %# AB. 2 <8AB5FB2V 0EV4=>W 2@>?8 ?0=CNBL 420 3>;>2=8E =0?@O<:8 10@>:> V :;0A8F87<./:I> 4020B8 7030;L=C E0@0:B5@8AB8:C @>728B:C EC4>6=L>W :C;LBC@8 FVTW 4>18, B> =5>1EV4=> 2V4<VB8B8, I> 2V41C20;>AO WW 7030;L=5 ?V4=5A5==O. @8 FL><C A2VB >1@07V2 AB02 1V;LH BVA=> ?>2 O70=89 7V A2VB>< @50;L=>W 4V9A=>ABV. /: =V:>;8 @0=VH5, EC4>6=O :C;LBC@0 1C;0 =0A8G5=0 A>FV0;L=8< :;V<0B>< 5?>E8. V4:@8B5 A>FV0;L=5 7010@2;5==O 1C;> ?@8B0<0==5 1030BL>< EC4>6=V< B2>@V==O< %# AB.=H>N >A>1;82VABN EC4>6=L>W :C;LBC@8 40=>3> AB>;VBBO T ;V:2V40FVO @>7@82C <V6 @>728B:>< >:@5<8E 284V2 <8AB5FB2. C@E;8289 V=B5=A82=89 @>728B>: 2V41C202AO 2 1030BL>E 30;C7OE EC4>6=L>W B2>@G>ABV, 2 B><C G8A;V V 2 B0:8E <>;>48E 2840E <8AB5FB20, O: B50B@ V <C78:0."@5BO >A>1;82VABL EC4>6=L>W :C;LBC@8 FL>3> AB>;VBBO ?>2 O70=0 7 D>@<C20==O< ?@>2V4=8E =0FV>=0;L=8E H:V; T2@>?59AL:>3> <8AB5FB20 2 B0;VW, A?0=VW, $;0=4@VW, >;;0=4VW V $@0=FVW. !0<5 2 <8AB5FB2V F8E =0FV>=0;L=8E H:V; 1C;8 4>AO3=CBV =0928IV B2>@GV @57C;LB0B8, 0 >A>1;82>ABV EC4>6=L>W 5?>E8 =01C;8 =091V;LH OA:@025 V B8?>25 28O2;5==O.2>;NFVO >:@5<8E 284V2 <8AB5FB2 ?>2 O70=0 7 ?>3;81;5==O< >A<8A;5==O 4V9A=>ABV, 7 28@>1;5==O< V @>7?>2AN465==O< =>28E 60=@>28E D>@<. VB5@0BC@0 B>3> G0AC ?@54AB02;5=0 V<5=0<8 B0:8E A;025B=8E ?8AL<5==8:V2, ?>5BV2, 4@0<0BC@3V2, O: >?5 45 530, 0;L45@>=, V;LB>=, >@=5;L, 0AV= B0 >;LT@. <C78FV 2V41C20;>AO ?>ABC?>25 72V;L=5==O 2V4 :C;LB>28E D>@<, 70@>465==O B0 >D>@<;5==O >@0B>@VW B0 V=AB@C<5=B0;L=>W <C78:8. 30-E @>:V2 28E>48BL =0 AF5=C >?5@0 - =>289, A8=B5B8G=89 70 A2>W< E0@0:B5@>< 60=@ 4@0<0B8G=>W <C78G=>W 28AB028, ?5@H8<8 =09287=0G=VH8<8 <09AB@0<8 O:>3> C %# AB. 1C;8 >=B525@4V 2 B0;VW, N;;V C $@0=FVW V 5@A5;; 2 =3;VW.>4V1=V ?@>F5A8 CB25@465==O =>28E B5=45=FV9 E0@0:B5@=V B0:>6 4;O 52>;NFVW ?;0AB8G=8E <8AB5FB2 - 682>?8AC, A:C;L?BC@8, 3@0DV:8, 0@EVB5:BC@8. "0: 2840B=89 VB0;V9AL:89 682>?8A5FL 0@02046> 70A=C202 EC4>6=N A8AB5<C <>=C<5=B0;V70FVW 1C45==>3> A2VBC 70 4>?><>3>N A2VB;>BV=L>28E :>=B@0ABV2, I> >45@60;0 =072C :0@0204687< . !5@54 9>3> ?>A;V4>2=8:V2 1C;8 B0:V 2A5A2VB=L> 2V4><V <09AB@8 O: %. V15@0, . C15=A, .5;0A:5A, 5<1@0=4B. F59 G0A B0:>6 ?@0FNNBL .0=-59:,$.!C@10@0=, $.0;LA, .CAA5=. 0928IV 4>AO3=5==O 2 A:C;L?BC@V B0 0@EVB5:BC@V ?>2 O70=V 7 B2>@GVABN ..5@=V=V, $.0@@><V=V, .@4C5=-0=A0@0.% ", #,"# C;LBC@0 %% AB. >4=5 7 =09A:;04=VH8E O28I 2 VAB>@VW A2VB>2>W :C;LBC@8. >-?5@H5, F5 ?>OA=NTBLAO 25;8:>N :V;L:VABN A>FV0;L=8E ?>B@OAV=L, AB@0H=8E A2VB>28E 2V9=, @52>;NFV9, O:V 28B8A=C;8 4CE>2=V FV==>ABV =0 ?5@8D5@VN ;N4AL:>W A2V4><>ABV V 40;8 ?>HB>2E @>728B:C ?@8<VB82=8E =0FV>=0;-H>2V=VABAL:8E V459, ?>A8;5==O :C;LBC B>B0;L=>3> @C9=C20==O AB0@>3>. > 4@C35, 2V41C20NBLAO ACBBT2V 7<V=8 2 30;C7V 5:>=><V:8 B0 70A>1V2 28@>1=8FB20. >3;81;NTBLAO V=4CAB@V0;V70FVO, @C9=CTBLAO B@048FV9=89 AV;LAL:89 CAB@V9 68BBO. 0A8 ;N459 2V4GC6CNBLAO 2V4 728G=>3> ?@8@>4=>3> A5@54>28I0, ?5@5W6460NBL 4> <VAB, I> ?@872>48BL 4> C@10=V70FVW :C;LBC@8. >-B@5BT, ?>ABC?>25 ?5@5B2>@5==O ACA?V;LAB20 =0 :><?;5:A @V7=8E >1 T4=0=L B0 C3@C?C20=L 2545 4> ?@>F5AC 7030;L=>W V=AB8BCFV>=0;V70FVW, @57C;LB0B>< O:>W T ?>7102;5==O ;N48=8 2;0A=>3> O , 2B@0B8 V=482V4C0;L=>ABV.# %% AB. 28@07=> 28O28;8AO 42V B5=45=FVW. >4=>3> 1>:C, ?><VB=>N T :@870 4CE>2=>ABV, O:0 E0@0:B5@87CTBLAO ?5@54CAV<
Сторінки: 1 2 3 4 5 6