РПаЎ±б>юяikюяяяhяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяямҐБ9 𿬆bjbjэПэП.”џҐџҐVAяяяяяяl<<<<<<<P4444@$PIpppppKKK°ІІІІІІ$W wZЦ-<KKKKKЦЃ<<ppЫЃЃЃKb<p<p°ЃK°ЃёЃ9d<<°pdЂwь<—ГPд4j|°0I„,СjС°ЃPP<<<<Щ 5D5@0B =0 B5<C: 8AB5FB2> O: C=V:0;L=89 <5E0=V7< :C;LBC@=>W 52>;NFVW 2>;NFVO ;N48=8 =5@>7@82=> ?>2 O70=0 7 52>;NFVTN :C;LBC@8 ;N4AB20, 7>:@5<0 B0:>3> =0?@O<:C O: <8AB5FB20. 5?>EC ?V7=L>3> ?0;5>;VBC 7 O2;ONBLAO 70@>4:8 ?V:B>3@0DVW ( <0;N=:>25 ?8AL<>), 28=8:0T V @>72820TBLAO <8AB5FB2>, ?>2 O70=5 7 B@C4>2>N 4VO;L=VABN ;N48=8 (7@07:8 ?5@2VA=>W 3@0DV:8, A:C;L?BC@8, D>;L:;>@C, <C78:8, B0=FN). V4 FVTW 5?>E8 ;8H8;8AO <0;N=:8 =0 ABV=0E V AB5;OE ?5G5@, C 3;818=0E 30;5@59 V 3@>B0E. &5 :>=BC@=V 7>1@065==O 3>;V2 72V@V2 =0 20?=O:>28E ?;8B0E (?5G5@0 0-$5@@0AV C $@0=FVW); ;N4AL:>W @C:8 >12545=>W D0@1>N. 3>4>< 28=8:;8 7>1@065==O 2AVE B20@8=, =0 O:8E ?>;N20;0 ;N48=0 ( <0<>=B8, 1V7>=8, 18:8, 7C1@8, 48:V :>=V, :>@>28, ;0=V, 3V;;OABV >;5=V, 254<54V). 4>1C <57>;VBC 2 <0;N=:0E 2A5 G0ABVH5 7 O2;OTBLAO ;N48=0 (<8A;82AL:V V 2V9AL:>2V AF5=8, B0=FV B0 @5;V3V9=V F5@5<>=VW). > ?V7=L>3> ?0;5>;VBC 2V4=>AOBLAO ?@8<VB82=V 6V=>GV A:C;L?BC@8 ?>7102;5=V :>=:@5B=8E V=482V4C0;L=8E @8A, 2>=8 ?5@540NBL C 3V?5@B@>D>20=><C 283;O4V A?5F8DVG=V 6V=>GV >7=0:8, @8A8 <0B5@V, I> =0@>46CT =>25 68BBO, 2BV;NNG8 2 =V9 CO2;5==O ?@> T4=VABL @>4>2>3> :>;5:B82C.06;82> ?V4:@5A;8B8, I> <8AB5FB2> =5 1C;> 2V4>A>1;5=>N G0AB8=>N ?5@2VA=>W :C;LBC@8, 2>=> 1C;> C=V25@A0;L=8< 70A>1>< 1CBBO 2AVE WW 5;5<5=BV2, WE=L>3> ?@O<>3> 2?;82C =0 ;N459. 2V4A8 >A>1;820 1030B>7=0G=VABL V 4CE>2=0 =0?@C65=VABL B2>@V2 FL>3> <8AB5FB20, WE 740B=VABL ?@825@B0B8 C203C, ?@>3@0<C20B8 5<>FVW, 28:;8:0NG8 5:AB07, 59D>@VN, B@0=A. 5?>EC =5>;VBC ?>@O4 7 @5;V3V9=8<8 CO2;5==O<8 ;N48 265 2>;>4V;8 4>AB0B=L> H8@>:8<8 7=0==O<8 ?@> A2VB. >=8 GC4>2> >@VT=BC20;8AL =0 <VAF52>ABV, 45 68;8, 4>1@5 7=0;8 >B>GCNG89 B20@8==89 V @>A;8==89 A2VB. >=8 >@VT=BC20;8AL ?> =51C, 284V;ONG8 2 =L><C 7V@:8 V AC7V@ O. AB@>=><VG=V 7=0==O 4>72>;O;8 W< A:;040B8 ?5@HV :0;5=40@V, 25AB8 2V4;V: G0AC. 0;8 2>=8 B0:>6 <548G=V 7=0==O V C<V==O: 7=0;8 FV;NIV 2;0AB82>ABV @>A;8=, 2<V;8 ;V:C20B8 @0=8, 28?@02;OB8 2828E8 V ;V:C20B8 ?5@5;><8. >=8 28:>@8AB>2C20;8 ?V:B>3@0DVG=5 ?8AL<>, <>3;8 @0EC20B8. ;81>:V 7<V=8 2V41C20NBLAO V 2 <8AB5FB2V. @V< B20@8= 2 =L><C 7>1@06CTBLAO =51>, 75<;O, 2>3>=L, A>=F5. <8AB5FB2V 28=8:0T C7030;L=5=VABL V =02VBL AE5<0B87<, I> A2V4G8BL ?@> B5, I> ;N48=0 =01C;0 74V1=VABL <8A;8B8 1V;LH 01AB@0:B=8<8 :0B53>@VO<8, 2V4>1@060B8 1V;LH H8@>:V V A:;04=V O28I0. ;O FVTW 4>18 E0@0:B5@=> V ?>H8@5==O 4@V1=>W ?;0AB8:8, EC4>6=VE @5<5A5; >@=0<5=BC, I> ?>:;0;> ?>G0B>: 45:>@0B82=><C <8AB5FB2C.8AB5FB2> 402=VE T38?BO= B0:>6 1C;> BVA=> ?>2 O70=5 7 @5;V3V9=>N <VD>;>3VTN. %0@0:B5@=8<8 9>3> @8A0<8 1C;8: 25;8G=0 <>=C<5=B0;L=VABL D>@<8, AC2>@89 B0 GVB:89, <0965 35><5B@8G=89 :>=AB@C:B82V7< V B8?>20 D@>=B0;L=VABL. !;V4 2V47=0G8B8 V @50;VAB8G=V B5=45=FVW, O:V >A>1;82> 28O28;8AL C ?>@B@5B=8E 7>1@065==OE.8A>:>3> @>728B:C B0 B5E=VG=>W 4>A:>=0;>ABV 4>AO3;0 0@EVB5:BC@0, I> E0@0:B5@87C20;0AO 25;8G=>N <>=C<5=B0;L=VABN, >1@07>B2>@G5 <8AB5FB2>. @0=4V>7=V 1C4>28 <0;8 28A;>2;N20B8 V45N <>3CB=>ABV F0@AL:>W 2;048, O:C >E>@>=O;0 @5;V3VO. 09OA:@02VH5 F5 28O28;>AL 2 1C4V2=8FB2V B0:8E 25;5B5=AL:8E 3@>1=8FL D0@0>=V2, O: ?V@0<V48 %5>?A0, %5D@5=0, 6>A5@0, %CDC V B.4., C AB2>@5==V ADV=:AV2 D0@0>=0 %5D@5=0, <5=5<E5B0 B>I>. V4 G0A ?5@V>4C >2>3> F0@AB20 >A>1;82> @>7:2VB0;0 0@EVB5:BC@0 E@0<V2, =092V4><VH8<8 7 =8E T E@0<8 C C:A>@V B0 0@=0FV. 5@H8=>N EC4>6=L>W B2>@G>ABV FL>3> ?5@V>4C T >1@07 F0@8FV VD5@BVBV 9 7>;>B0 <0A:0 D0@0>=0 "CB 0=E0<>=0, 0 B0:>6 @>7?8A8 3@>1=8FL 2 >;8=V F0@V2 ?>1;87C $V2.09402=VHV ?0< OB:8 <8AB5FB20 8B0N 40BCNBLAO ( B8A. 4> =.5. G0A>< =5>;VBC. &5 @V7=>3> @>4C :5@0<VG=V 28@>18, 7@>1;5=V 2@CG=C 01> =0 3>=G0@=><C :@C7V. >AC4 G0AB> @>7?8A0=89, >@=0<5=B>20=89 2V75@C=:0<8. A8=B57V >1@07>B2>@G8E <8AB5FB2 4><V=CNG5 7=0G5==O <0;0 0@EVB5:BC@0. V@0<V48 38?BC, 7V::C@0B8 2>@VGGO, E@0<8 B0 ?0;0F8 =5 ;8H5 2>725;8GC20;8 =51>68B5;V2 V 75<=8E 2;048:, 0 9 A2V4G8;8 ?@> 28A>:C <09AB5@=VABL =0@>4V2 !B0@>402=L>3> !E>4C.8AB5FB2> G8A;5==8E =0@>4V2 !B0@>402=L>3> !E>4C 4C65 @V7=5 70 A2>W<8 28EV4=8<8 D>@<0<8, EC4>6=V<8 4>AO3=5==O<8, H;OE0<8 @>728B:C, >4=0: <0T 1030B> AE>68E ?@8=F8?>28E @8A."@048FVW :C;LBC@8 !B0@>402=L>3> !E>4C 715@53;8AO 2?@>4>26 2V:V2 V A?@028;8 25;8:5 7=0G5==O =0 @>728B>: 1030BL>E =0@>4V2 7VW V 2@>?8 2 ?>40;LHV ?5@V>48.4=8< V7 =09206;82VH8E G8==8:V2 :C;LBC@=>3> 68BBO CAVE 157 28=OB:C =0@>4V2 T, 157?5@5G=>, ;VB5@0BC@0 <8AB5FB2> A;>20. !0< B5@<V= ;VB5@0BC@0 ?>E>48BL 2V4 D@. litterature, O:5, C A2>N G5@3C, 2545 4> ?>E>465==O 2V4 ;0B8=AL:>3> littera ;VB5@0. 8=8:=5==O FL>3> B5@<V=0 2G5=V 2V4=>AOBL 4> ?>G0B:C %V AB. @>B5 9 4>B5?5@ B5@<V= ;VB5@0BC@0 26820TBLAO 2 42>E 7=0G5==OE.# H8@>:><C @>7C<V==V F5 2AO ?8A5<=VABL; C 2C7L:><C F5 A:>@>G5=5 ?>7=0G5==O EC4>6=L>W ;VB5@0BC@8 (2>=0 O:VA=> 2V4@V7=OTBLAO 2V4 V=H8E 284V2 ;VB5@0BC@8 =0C:>2>W, DV;>A>DAL:>W V B.4.). >7C<V==O <8AB5FB20 A;>20 O:VA=> 7<V=N20;8AO ?@>BO3>< 9>3> 1030B>2V:>2>W VAB>@VW. !2>W< :>@V==O< ;VB5@0BC@0 AO30T 2 3;81>:C 402=8=C, 2 >4 ;VB5@0BC@=89 V 4>?8A5<=89 ?5@V>4. >728B>: <8AB5FB20 A;>20 BVA=> ?>2 O70=89 V7 ?@>3@5A>< <8A;5==O. 465 A;>2>, <>20 T 4V9A=VABN 4C<:8.A=>2=0 FV==VABL A;>20 2 ?5@2VA=8E D>@<0E 1C;0 C B8E 2;0AB82>ABOE <>28, O:V 71;86CNBL WW 7 <C78G=>-B50B@0;L=8< 4V9AB2><.# ?>40;LH><C =0 1V;LH 28I><C I01;V ?5@2VA=>>1I8==>3> ;04C, <8AB5FB2> A;>20 2V4>A>1;NTBLAO O: <VD>;>3VG=89 CA=89 5?>A <VD8, ;535=48, ?5@5:078, I> 2 AC:C?=>ABV CB2>@N20;8 5?>?5W. >72820TBLAO >?>2V4=0 ?>57VO. !;>2> 2E>48BL C A2>W ?@020 V AB0T A0<>ABV9=8< <8AB5FB2><. )>?@0240, V BCB 2>=> I5 7@>I5=5 <C78:>N. >5B, @>7?>2V40G V A?V25FL >4=0 >A>10. !:070==O ;V048 , ?>57VW 0E01E0@0B8 2A5 F5 A?V20;>AO ?V4 <C78:C. B65, CA=0 =0@>4=0 B2>@GVABL T B8< 465@5;><, 7 O:>3> 28=8:0NBL <091CB=V ;VB5@0BC@=V 60=@8: 4@0<0, ;V@8:0, 5?>A. &5 >A=>2=V ;VB5@0BC@=V @>48, O:V ?@>O28;8AO I5 2 4>;VB5@0BC@=><C ?5@V>4V AB0;8 B8<8 H;OE0<8, :>B@8<8 @>72820;0AL 2AO VAB>@VO ;VB5@0BC@8. >A=>2V ;VB5@0BC@=>3> @>4C ;568BL ?52=89 A?>AV1 >A2>T==O O28I 4V9A=>ABV 2 >A=>2V 5?>AC 5AB5B8G=> >A2>T=0 ?>4VO, 2 >A=>2V 4@0<8 4VO, 2 >A=>2V ;V@8:8 157?>A5@54=V9 ?>5B8G=89 28O2 4CH52=>3>