Reference list.

1.David McDowall, Britain in close-up/Longman Singapore Publishers Pte Ltd.

2.Britain’s Banking and Financial Institutions/Reference Services, Central Office of Information, London.

Appendix :

Table 1 .

Net Overseas Earnings of Britain’s Financial Institutions |

Million Pounds

Banks | 6,188

Securities Dealers | 1,658

Commodity traders. Bullion dealers and export houses. | 556

Money Market Brokers | 112

Insurance Institutions | 5,952

Pension Funds | 2,044

Unit trusts | 724

Investment Trusts | 383

Fund Managers | 425

Baltic Exchange | 292

Lloyd’s Register of Shipping | 57

Finance Leasing | 40

Non-specified institutions | 1,962

Total | 20,393

Table 2.

Notes in circulation. |

Value of notes in circulation end February 1996 (million) | No of notes issued by denomination in year to end February1996 (million)

1 pound | 56 | -

5 pounds | 1,067 | 336

10 pounds | 5,688 | 575

20 pounds | 8,579 | 326

50 pounds | 3,104 | 43

Other notes | 1,154 | -

Total | 19,648 | 1,280

Source : Bank of England.

Table 3.

Major British Banks 1995. |

Assets Liabilities (Mln pounds) | Market Capital

(Mln pounds) | Staff | Branches | Cash dispensers and ATMs

Abbey National | 97,614 | 10,765 | 16,300 | 678 | 1,267

Bank of Scotland | 34,104 | 4,095 | 11,300 | 411 | 463

Barclays | 164,184 | 18,407 | 61,200 | 2,050 | 3,020

Lloyds TSB | 131,750 | 25,496 | 66,400 | 2,858 | 4,346

Midland | 92,093 | 39,658 | 43,400 | 1,701 | 2,282

National

Westminster | 166,347 | 13,548 | 61,000 | 2,215 | 2,998

Royal Bank of Scotland | 50,497 | 4,750 | 19,500 | 687 | 1,009

Standard Chartered | 38,934 | 7,757 | 1,100 | 1 | -

Figure 1.

Major Banks lending to British Residents December 1995.

Table 4.

Largest Building Societies.

Rank by Group Assets | Rank After Flotations and Mergers in 1977 | Group Assets (million pounds)

1. Halifax. | - | 98,655

2. Nationwide. | 1 | 35,742

3.Woolwich | - | 28,005

4. Alliance & Leicester | - | 22,846

5. Bradford & Bingley | 2 | 15,658

6. Britannia | 3 | 14,916

7.National & Provincial | - | 14,133

8.Northern Rock | - | 11,559

9.Bristrol & West | - | 8,589

10. Birmingham Mdshires | 4 | 6,725

11. Yorkshire | 5 | 6,412

12.Portman | 6 | 3,513

13.Coventry | 7 | 3,379

14.Skipton | 8 | 3,037

Table 5.

Overseas Banks in Britain

(Main Countries Represented).

Country of origin | Branches of an Overseas Bank | British Incorporated Subsidiary of an Overseas Bank | Representative offices | Other | Total

France | 16 | 8 | 23 | - | 47

Germany | 19 | 5 | 4 | - | 28

Italy | 15 | 1 | 28 | - | 44

Japan | 28 | 6 | 15 | 4 | 53

Switzerland | 9 | 2 | 17 | - | 28

United States | 23 | 9 | 11 | 6 | 49

Other countries | 153 | 41 | 111 | 7 | 312

Total | 263 | 72 | 209 | 17 | 561

Source: Bank of England.

Table 6.

General and Long-term Insurance Business 1985 - 1995.

General Insurance net premiums.

Table 7.

Growth in Unit Trusts and Investment Trusts.

Definitions.

Assets - | anything owned by an individual, company, legal body or government which has a cash value.

Big Bang - | a system of major changes which brought deregulation to the London Stock Exchange in 1986.

Bill of Exchange - | an officially signed promise to pay to the receiver of the bill, the stated at the fixed time.

Bond - | a certificate issued by the borrower as a receipt for a loan usually longer than 12 months; it indicates the interest rate and the date of repayment.

Eurobond- | an international certificate issued by the borrower for a long-term loan (from 5 to 15 years) in any European currency but not in the currency of the issuing bank.

Securities- | general term for stocks and shares of all types.

Exchange- | a market for the toll purchase of goods or securities.

Stock Exchange- | a market for short or long term transactions in securities .

Commodity Exchange- | a stable market for wholesale transactions in preferably commodities and raw materials

Money Market- | a market for money instruments with a period of validity of less than one year.

Factoring- | a business activity in which a company takes over the responsibility for collecting the debts of another company.

Fund Management- | managing investors’ funds on their behalf or advising investors on how to invest their funds.

Financial Futures- | legal contracts for the sale or purchase of financial products on a specified future date, at the price agreed in the present.

Option- | A contract giving the right to buy or sell financial instruments or goods for a stated period at a stated price.

The London Bullion Market - | The international gold and silver market in London where trade is done by a telephone or electronic links.

Hedge | The purchase or sale futures contract as a temporary