The northwest peoples (from Vancouver to Alaska) hunting, fishing the Haida.

6000 years ago | The Eskimos | The Inuit (Eskimos) hunting.

1000 AD | The Vikings from Iceland and Green-land | Occupied the eastern edge of Canada, founded Norman settlement which existed only 1 year.

1497 AD | English seaman John Cabot | Reached Newfoundland.

1534 AD

1535 AD | French explorer Jacques Cartier – founder of Canada | Discovered the Gulf of St. Lawrence.

Settled Kanata (a Huron-Iroquois word “village”) which gave the name to the whole country Canada.

1608 AD

1642 AD | French explorer Champlain | Established the first permanent settlements at Quebec (“where the river becomes narrow”).

Montreal.

1663 AD | Canada became a province of France (60.000 French settlers).

1670 AD | British Trade Company | Hudson’s Bay Company (fur) occupied northern territories of the country Ontario.

1713 AD

1717 AD | The British | Newfoundland were under

Nova Scotia British control.

1754 AD | French-Indian War.

1756 AD – 1763 AD | Rivalry between the English and the French

The Seven Years’ War in which Great Britain gained military victory.

1759 AD

1763 AD | The British captured Quebec.

The British obtained control of the rest of New France. France handed Canada over to Britain.

1774 AD | The Quebec Act (France retained the rights to their own language, religion and civil laws).

1775 AD – 1783 AD | The American Revolution.

1791 AD | Canada was divided into Upper (English speaking Ontario) and Lower Canada (French speaking Quebec).

1793 AD | Sir Alexander Mackenzie | Reached the Pacific Ocean.

1812 AD | Lord Selkirk | Formed a settlement of Scot Immigrants, Manitoba.

1812 AD –

1814 AD | British-American War which ended in a draw.

1837 AD –

1839 AD | British Lord Durham | Political agitation.

1840 AD | Act of Union (Quebec and Ontario were united). They didn’t like to be under British or American control.

1848 AD | Canada got internal self-government.

1867 AD, July 1st | The Canadian | Dominion of Canada (a national holiday, Day of Canada). 4 provinces were united Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick.

By 1912 AD | All provinces had become part of the central government.

1931 AD | Canada | A voluntary member of Commonwealth.

1945 AD | Canada | A member of United Nation Organization.

1949 AD | Newfoundland became part of the central government.

1949 AD | Canada | A member of NATO.

1950s | A time of unprecedented wealth (the middle class mushroomed).

1960 AD | Canada’s first Bill of Rights was signed.

1995 AD | Canada won in the so-called fish wars with Spain.

2000 AD | Canada maintains its position in NATO and is one of the so-called G-7 countries. (The G-7 group of Germany, France, the USA, the UK, Japan, Italy and Canada meet regularly to develop major economic policies.)

Provinces and Territories of Canada

Province in brief | Occupation | Cities

1 | 2 | 3

1. Ontario

“rocks standing high near the water”

Entered Confederation: 1 July 1867

Area: 1,068,587 sq km

Location: in the center of Canada

Population: 10,084,885

Provincial symbols:

the trillium

the eastern white pine

the loon |

It’s a geographic and cultural transition between eastern Quebec and the Midwestern prairie provinces.

It’s the largest province in the terms of wealth and population.

It’s the most industrial center of Canada.

It produces: 98% of motor vehicles,

93 % of heavy electrical equipment,

92% of agricultural machinery,

ј of the world’s nickel (Sudbury).

It’s the national leader in car production (Oshawa, Winsdor).

It’s Canada’s iron and steel center (Hamilton).

Elliot Lake sits on the largest uranium deposits.

The Niagara Peninsula is an important fruit and wine-producing region. |

Toronto – the capital of the province and the largest city.

It is located on the north shore of Lake Ontario.

It’s one of the chief Great Lakes ports.

It has an international airport at Malton.

It is famous as an artistic and musical center.

The sights are: the Art Gallery, the Royal Conservatory of Music, the Royal Ontario Museum.

Educational centers are: the University of Toronto,

Ryerson Iinstitute of Technology, York University.

Ottawa – the capital of Canada.

It sits on the south bank of the Ottawa River at its confluence with the Rideau River.

It’s a political center, the government and the parliament are situated here.

The sights are: Parliament Hill, Peace Tower, Rockcliffe Park, the National Gallery, the Royal Canadian Mint, the Canadian War Museum, the National Museum of Science and Technology, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police Stables and Practice Ground.

2. Quebec

“where the river narrows”

Entered Confederation: 1 July 1867

Area: 1,540,687 sq km

Location: St. Lawrence Lowlands

Population: 6,895,960

Provincial symbols:

the white lily

the snowy owl | The Climate and the soil are good for general farming.

Manufacturing is the prime industry.

There are vast amounts of hydroelectric power.

It’s the main paper producer in North America.

Half the province is forest.

Other important industries are: aluminium, minerals, timber, tourism, dairy goods, apples and maple syrup.

St. Lawrence River is a link between the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean. | Quebec City – the capital of the province.

It was founded by Jacques Cartier in 1534 (was called Stadacona).

It was named Quebec (“kebec”) by Samuel de Champlain in 1608.

Montreal – an