COMPUTERS
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The computer industry is one of the largest in western countries and especially in the USA, It includes companies that manufacture, sell and lease computers, as well as companies that supply products and services for people working with computers.
A computer cannot think. A human operator puts data into the computer and gives instructions. The operator writes instructions which determine the mathematical operations on information. A computer solves mathematical problems very rapidly. Traditionally, the computer in business is used to process data. This involves different administrative functions such as preparation of payrolls, inventory control in manufacturing, warehousing and distribution operations, customer accounting, billing by banks, insurance companies, public utilities and mass circulation magazines. Now the computer takes on new kinds of jobs. It has become more involved in business operations as an essential tool in making decisions at the highest administrative level.
Active Vocabulary
to give instructions давати інструкції
to put data вводити данні
to solve mathematical problems вирішувати математичні задачі
to process data обробляти дані
preparation of payrolls підготовка відомостей
inventory control інвентаризаційний контроль
warehousing розподіл товару по складах
distribution operations розподільні операції
customer accounting розрахунок з клієнтом
Comprehension Questions
1. What does the computer industry include?
2. In what way does a computer operate?
3. How was the computer traditionally used in business?
4. What new kinds of jobs is the computer taking?
Vocabulary Practice
Exercise 1. Choose the necessary word and put it in the sentence.
Distribution operations, preparation of payroll 1. process data
are... functions that the computer performs for business.
2. Computer is programmed to...fast and accurately. 2. lease
3. If a small company cannot afford to buy a computer,
they can... the services of computer. 3. inventory control.
4. A programmer feeds the... into the computer. 4. processing 5. Many companies use the computers for their... 5. administrative 6. A computer solves problems by...information. 6. data and instructions
Dialogue
( Simona and Berg work in a large supermarket. Berg is the Manager and Simona is the Head Buyer.)
Berg I'm so glad you had this business trip. I also would have liked to go but it's a
problem for me to get away. Tell me everything about your business trip.
Simona It was really great, Berg. It was worth looking over the operations of the store.
It's very well organized and I believe we should consider adopting some of the
methods.
Berg Is it really so?
Simona Absolutely. Berg, their computer system is remarkable.
Berg Can you tell me more about it?
Simona Oh, sure. First, they've replaced their cash registers with special terminals.
Berg What for?
Simona They record on tape the department number, classification of items, amount of
sale and name of salesclerk for each sale.
Berg Do you think we really need all that information on tape?
Simona We put on the same information on our sales checks.
Berg Yes, but in cases of exchanges we need to know all that.
Simona And for other things too.
Berg Well?
Simona For inventory control, for example. During the night, the tapes containing the
information are fed into the computer.
Berg And then what?
Simona Every morning the computer prepares reports on the sales of the day before,
classified by department and buyer.
Berg So, it is possible to have almost instant records.
Simona You are right. The inventory is kept up to date automatically. Imagine, how
efficient we could be.
Berg It is great. But I think with the help of a computer we could offer more
personal services to our customers.
Simona What do you mean?
Berg Having such up-to-date records and complete inventory we could keep records
of birthdays and anniversaries and have gift suggestions based on customer
records, and a million of other things.
Simona Don't hurry. Let's get going on first things first.
Active Vocabulary
Head Buyer керівник відділу постачання в магазині
to adopt methods впроваджувати методи
terminal термінал, висновок, кінець, кордон
to feed the information in the computer закладати інформацію у комп’ютер
to date обчислювати, підраховувати
Vocabulary Practice
Exercise 1. Change the sentences according to the model.
Model: I was worth looking over the operations of the supermarket.
I was worth looking them over.
1. They picked out the new merchandise.
2. They talked over the new software.
3. The manager tried out new sales checks.
4. She filled out the payroll form.
5. They took down the statistical data.
6. She put off her work.
He had to look over the new program.
Exercise 2. Change the sentence according to the model.
Model: The sales are numerous. I can't mention them all.
They are too numerous for me to mention.
1. This software is very expensive. The company can't buy it.
2. The results are numerous. They can‘t remember them all.
3. The computers are complicated. I can't use them.
4. Processing thеsе data is difficult. John can't learn it.
5.I am tired. I can't do the billing right now.
6.I am busy. I can't go on a business trip right now.
7. The data is complicated. I can't explain it.
The situation is difficult. We can't overcome it at once.
Exercise 3. Reаd