synthesis of epic and dramatic elements with properly lyrical one in the folk songs creates specific “psychological” plot, which follows the movement of thought, the logic of feeling.
In every group of the compositional methods or poetical tropes there is separated massif of elements, which is directly involved in the exposition of the “psychological essence” of the folk poetic works, a kind of recreation of the lyric hero inner world. The function of the psychological portrayal is one of the main for them. In the thesis it is stressed by the using to them the attribute “psychological”.
Psychologically complete character in lyrics is formed by miscellaneous ingredients and it causes the consideration of the lyric song as structural-compositional and semantic-figural unity. There are four levels of the analysis of the folklore material: structural, compositional, linguistic and semantic. According to them the author investigates lyric ritual and irritual songs, which are covered by the next two chapters of work.
Specific features of the lyric ritual song psychologism are caused by the peculiar correlation with the same ritual. On the one hand, the ritual forces the lyric hero to express his or her feelings, on the other, – it strictly regulates it. The ritual lyrics reproduces not so much what a participants of the ritual really feel, but the way, according to which they should be felt by ritual ethics. On that account, the psychological portrayal in the ritual lyric songs is the model of the emotive behaviour for the participants of the ritual. The portrayal in the ritual lyrics is focussed not on the same feelings, but on their external signs. They are fixed both: statistically by the psychological plastic portrait and dinamically by the symbolic situations with the psychological implication.
In contrast to the ritual lyric songs, irritual lyrics is characterized by the higher level of psychologism and the textual paradigm of reproduced emotions and feelings. Psychological portrayal gradually approaches what a person really feels. Lyric hero gets used to the self-analysis, which results into the straight signification of the feelings, ingenuous description of the experience, thoughts, intentions. The environment is widely included into the psychical activity of the person: the nature reflects his mood, feels with him.
The psychologism is not concentrated in some elements of poetics, but it is extended throughout the text. Thanks to that the psychological portrayal in the lyrics is characterized by the emotional-mood unity.
Conclusions summarize of the research, mark specific character of the folk song psychologism and trace the main tendencies of its evolution. The psychological portrayal in the Ukrainian folklore lyrics is developed from mithological perception of the world to poetical, as a result single figures lost their magic meaning and acquire the function of the symbolic indicator; from static to dynamic; from more conditional to more realistic. The methods of displaying of personal inner world vary quantitatively and qualitatively.
Key words: psychologism, the psychological portrayal, psychological, the lyric ritual song, the irritual song, lyric hero.
АННОТАЦИЯ
Билык В.О. Особенности психологизма украинских народных песен. – Рукопись.
Диссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата филологических наук по специальности 10.01.07 – фольклористика. – Львовский национальный университет имени Ивана Франко, Львов, 2002.
Диссертация является первым в украинской фольклористике комплексным исследованием проблемы психологизма народнопесенной лирики. Психологизм понимается как психологическое изображение, то есть передача художественно-поэтическими средствами мыслей, чувств, переживаний лирического героя, раскрытие его внутреннего мира в тексте. Отмечено значительное влияние на создание образа человека в лирике генетически сродных с этим жанром причитаний, исторических песен и баллад.
Психологический анализ народных лирических песен осуществлялся на четырёх взаимосвязанных уровнях: структурном, композиционном, лингвистическом и семантическом. Выявлены закономерности психологизма народных песен, выделены основные тенденции развития исследуемого фольклорного явления, а также указаны перспективные направления изучения устного народнопоэтического творчества в аспекте психологизма.
Ключевые слова: психологизм, психологическое изображение, психологический, лирическая обрядовая песня, внеобрядовая песня, лирический герой.
Підписано до друку 05.08.2002 р.
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