The thesis is dedicated to Rhodiola rosea L. geographical spreading exploration results and its ecological peculiarities in the Ukrainian Carpathians, its preservation perspective in the natural flora and its rational use as a medicinal plant. A number of complex ecological and biological peculiarities Rh. rosea investigations. Conformities to geographical spreading are investigated and modern Rh. rosea area and its condition in the Ukrainian Carpathians is determined. The area's dynamics under the human factors influence is explored. The existence of a dear determined reduction tendency of modern area condition which covers the eastern part of the Ukrainian Carpathians. Rh. rosea ecological peculiarities of existence in connection with the mountain conditions are determined. Rh. rosea ecological belonging is explored and population structure is analysed.

Reproductive biology peculiarities are found Rh. rosea in the Ukrainian Carpathians growth and development under the introduction in the plain conditions of the Northern Bukovina are learnt.

Medicinal raw material's quality and rational methods of its use are determined.

The effective multiplication method and initial recommendations on agricultural equipment for Rh. rosea cultivating in the cultural conditions are worked out.

Measures on Rh. rosea protection and preservation in the Ukrainian Carpathians are substantiated.

Key words: Rhodiola rosea L. the Ukrainian Carpathians, area, ecological, peculiarities, population structure, reproductive biology, quality, medicinal raw material, rational use, protection.