Ключові слова: хронологічно віддалений твір, історичний колорит, прагматично адекватний переклад, мовні проблеми перекладу, соціальний контекст першотвору, смислова ємність.

Аннотация

Рудницкая Н.Н. Временная отдаленность художественного произведения как проблема перевода (на материале переводов “Кентерберийских рассказов” Дж. Чосера на современный английский, немецкий, украинский и русский языки). – Рукопись.

Диссертация на соискание научной степени кандидата филологических наук по специальности 10.02.16 – переводоведение. – Киевский национальный университет им. Тараса Шевченко. – Киев, 2005.

На основании анализа оригинального произведения и его современных переводов на современный английский, немецкий, украинский и русский языки в диссертации проведено системное исследование специфики перевода хронологически отдаленных произведений художественной литературы с учетом его отличия от перевода текстов на современном языке.

В диссертации выявлен круг специфических характеристик оригинала, связанных с его временной отдаленностью, которые требуют применения дополнительных переводческих приемов для адекватного воспроизведения в переводе, описаны возможные способы их передачи и своеобразие передачи таких характеристик при переводе на украинский язык. В диссертации проанализированы основные факторы, которые необходимо учитывать для выполнения прагматично адекватного перевода хронологически отдаленного художественного произведения, и представлены собственные предложения относительно его выполнения.

Ключевые слова: хронологически отдаленное произведение, исторический колорит, прагматически адекватный перевод, языковые проблемы перевода, социальный контекст оригинала, смысловая емкость.

Summary

Rudnytska Nataliya M. The Time Distance of a Literary Work as a Translation Problem (on the material of Modern English, German, Ukrainian and Russian translations of The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer). – Manuscript.

A Candidate of Philology Dissertation in Speciality 10.02.16 – Translation Theory. – Kyiv Taras Shevchenko National University. _Kyiv, 2005.

The thesis highlights the specific character of the translation process of chronologically remote literary works as compared with a modern texts translation process. This is the first substantial research on the topic. In Ukraine, the translation of belles-lettres into the national language had been restricted by the totalitarian regime for many decades, so nowadays it is necessary to translate into the Ukrainian language a great expanse of literary works that are already familiar to the world community. In this connection, a critical generalization of different approaches to the transfer of historical colour in translations of chronologically remote fiction texts becomes a topical problem, as does an investigation of the original’s historical, social and cultural background influence on its translation. To get a comprehensive view of the problem of chronologically remote literary work translation, a ange of the original’s characteristics connected with its chronological remoteness has been defined; methods of such characteristics transfer in translation have been described; peculiarities of the solution of pertinent lexical, grammatical and stylistic problems in translation of chronologically remote fiction texts have been determined; limits to pragmatic adaptation of an old belles-lettres text have been revealed.

The research has been performed on the basis of a comparative analysis of an original medieval literary work and its translations into the Modern English, German, Ukrainian and Russian languages. This analysis made it possible to find out ways of achieving equivalency and standard translation methods, used in the translation of a medieval text into modern languages. The research conducted also included a comparative analysis of modern translations of the same medieval text by different translators; this procedure allowed to reveal general regularities irrespective of the qualification and individual peculiarities of each translator.

The research shows that in order to make the translation of a chronologically remote literary work adequate, the translator should take into account not only poetical, lexical, grammatical and stylistic characteristics of the original, but also its historical, social and cultural contexts. All characteristics of the original should be considered with regard to the modern language and esthetic norms, as well as the background knowledge of the modern reader. Among the components of the linguistic-ethnic barrier between the first readers of the old original and readers of a modern translation, the most important are discrepancies in the quantity of information these two types of readers have about the history, social and cultural development of the country, where the original was created, at the times of its creation. Such discrepancies cause pragmatic adaptation of the translation, also conditioned by greater religiosity of the medieval society, as compared with the modern one, and the importance of the ancient heritage for the culture of medieval Europe.

The use of stylistically marked lexical units (dialecticisms, archaisms, neologisms, borrowings etc.) by the author of a chronologically remote fiction text should be functionally compensated in the target text, but the main criterion here must be the status of these words in the language of the original at the times of its creation. For example, for the translation of borrowings their etymology is less important than the frequency of their use by the original author contemporaries and compatriots, because words that modern readers-compatriots of the author can take for foreign could be within his first readers’ competence; such lexical units should be translated by stylistically neutral units.

Though stylistic adaptation is regarded as necessary if stylistic characteristics of the original do not meet the norms of the corresponding variety of texts in the target language, omission of the original elements which are considered in the modern society as vulgar or indecent is undesirable, for it could distort the meaning of the original and would not correspond to the author’s intention.

For an adequate transfer of stylistic characteristics of a chronologically remote original in translation, additional compensatory means should be used in conveying the original characters’ verbal aggression. Since swearing, blasphemy and curses lost much of their offensiveness in the modern society, their expressiveness in the target text can be restored by 1)use of words containing the seme “devil” instead of the seme “god”; 2)some fragments from the original text for the modern reader through generalization, substitution or omission; 3)intonation and adding expressiveness through the introduction of exclamation mark.

Key-words: translation of a chronologically remote literary work, historical colour, pragmatically adequate translation, linguistic problems of translation, social context of the original, sense capacity.