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Реалізація ідеї арифметичного кодування
19
char index_to_char[No_of_symbols + 1];/* "01;8FO =0:>?8G5=8E G0AB>B */#define Max_frequency 16383int cum_freq[No_of_symbols+1];encode.c/* >;>2=0 ?@>F54C@0 :>4C20==O */#include <stdio.h>#include "model.h"main() start_model(); start_outputing_bits(); start_encoding(); for (;;) int ch; int symbol; ch = getc(stdin); if (ch==EOF) break; symbol = char_to_index[ch]; encode_symbol(symbol,cum_freq); update_model(symbol); encode_symbol(EOF_symbol,cum_freq); done_encoding(); done_outputing_bits(); exit(0);Arithmetic_encode.c/* ;3>@8B< 0@8D<5B8G=>3> :>4C20==O */#include "arithmetic_encoding.h"static void bit_plus_follow();/* >B>G=89 AB0= :>4C20==O */static code_value low, high;static long bits_to_follow;/* >G0B>: :>4C20==O ?>B>:0 A8<2>;V2 */start_encoding() low = 0; high = Top_value; bits_to_follow = 0;/* >4C20==O A8<2>;C */encode_symbol(symbol,cum_freq) int symbol; int cum_freq[]; long range; range = (long)(high-low)+1; high = low + (range*cum_freq[symbol-1])/cum_freq[0]-1; low = low + (range*cum_freq[symbol])/cum_freq[0]; for (;;) if (high<Half) bit_plus_follow(0); else if (low>=Half) bit_plus_follow(1); low -= Half; high -= Half; else if (low>=First_qtr && high<Third_qtr) bits_to_follow +=1; low -= First_qtr; high -= First_qtr; else break; low = 2*low; high = 2*high+1; /* 025@H5==O :>4C20==O ?>B>:C */done_encoding() bits_to_follow += 1; if (low<First_qtr) bits_plus_follow(0); else bit_plus_follow(1); /* 282>4 1VB0 @07>< 7 =0ABC?=8<8 70 =8<, >15@=5=8<8 4> =L>3> */static void bit_plus_follow(bit) int bit; output_bit(bit); while (bits_to_follow>0) output_bit(!bit); bits_to_follow -= 1; decode.c/* >;>2=0 ?@>F54C@0 4;O 45:>4C20==O */#include <stdio.h>#include "model.h"main() start_model(); start_inputing_bits(); start_decoding(); for (;;) int ch; int symbol; symbol = decode_symbol(cum_freq); if (symbol == EOF_symbol) break; ch = index_to_char[symbol]; putc(ch,stdout); update_model(symbol); exit(0); arithmetic_decode.c/* ;3>@8B< 0@8D<5B8G=>3> 45:>4C20==O */#include "arithmetic_coding.h"/* >B>:>289 AB0= 45:>4C20==O */static code_value value;static code_value low, high;/* >G0B>: 45:>4C20==O ?>B>:0 A8<2>;V2 */start_decoding(); int i; value = 0; for (i = 1; i<=Code_value_bits; i++) value = 2*value+input_bit(); low = 0; high = Top_value;/* 5:>4C20==O =0ABC?=>3> A8<2>;0 */ int decode_symbol(cum_freq) int cum_freq[]; long range; int cum; int symbol; range = (long)(high - low)+1; cum = (((long) (value - low)+1)*cum_freq[0]-1)/range; for (symbol = 1; cum_freq[symbol]>cum; symbol++); high = low + (range*cum_freq[symbol-1])/cum_freq[0]-1; low = low + (range*cum_freq[symbol])/cum_freq[0]; for (;;) if (high<Half) /*nothing*/ else if (low>=Half) value -= Half; low -= Half; high -= Half; else if (low>=First_qtr && high<Third_qtr) value -= First_qtr; low -= First_qtr; high -= First_qtr; else break; low = 2*low; high = 2*high+1; return symbol; bit_input.c/* @>F54C@8 22>4C 1VBV2 */#include <stdio.h>#include "arithmetic_coding"/* VB>289 1CD5@ */static int buffer;static int bits_to_go;static int garbage_bits;/* =VFV0FV70FVO ?>1VB>2>3> 22>4C */start_inputing_bits(); bits_to_go = 0; garbage_bits = 0;/* 2>4 1VB0 */int input_bit(); int t; if (bits_to_go==0) buffer = getc(stdin); if (buffer==EOF) garbage_bits +=1; if (garbage_bits>Code_value_bits-2) fprintf(stderr,"Bad input file"); exit(-1); bits_to_go = 8; t = buffer&1; buffer >>= 1; bits_to_go -= 1; return t; bit_output.c/* @>F54C@0 282>4C 1VBV2 */#include <stdio.h>/* VB>289 1CD5@ */static int buffer;static int bits_to_go;/* =VFV0;V70FVO 1VB>2>3> 1CD5@0 */start_outputing_bits() buffer = 0; bits_to_go = 8;/* 82V4 1VB0 */output_bit(bit) int bit; buffer >>=1; if (bit) buffer |= 0x80; bits_to_go -= 1; if (bits_to_go==0) putc(buffer,stdout); bits_to_go = 8; /* 8<820==O >AB0==VE 1VBV2 */done_outputing_bits() putc(buffer>>bits_to_go,stdout);adaptive_model.c/* >45;L 7 040?B82=8< 465@5;>< */#include "model.h"int freq[No_of_symbols+1];/* =VFV0;V70FVO <>45;V */start_model() int i; for (i = 0; i<No_of_chars; i++) char_to_index[i] = i+1; index_to_char[i+1] = i; for (i = 0; i<No_of_symbols; i++) freq[i] = 1; cum_freq[i] = No_of_symbols - i; freq[0] = 0;/* =>2;5==O <>45;V C 2V4?>2V4=>ABV 7 =>28< A8<2>;>< */update_model(symbol) int symbol; int i; if (cum_freq[0]==Max_frequency) int cum; cum = 0; for (i = No_of_symbols; i>=0; i--) freq[i] = (freq[i]+1)/2; cum_freq[i] = cum; cum += freq[i]; for (i = symbol; freq[i]==freq[i-1];i-- ); if (i<symbol) int ch_i, ch_symbol; ch_i = index_to_char[i]; ch_symbol = index_to_char[symbol]; index_to_char[i] = ch_symbol; index_to_char[symbol] = ch_i; char_to_index[ch_i] = symbol; char_to_index[ch_symbol] = i; freq[i] += 1; while (i>0) i -= 1; cum_freq[i] += 1; VB5@0BC@0.Rubin F. Arithmetic stream coding using fixed precision registers, IEEE Transactions IT-25, #6, Nov79, pp. 672 675.@8G52A:89 . . !60B85 8 ?>8A: 8=D>@<0F88., >A:20, 1989 3.>E<0=N: . !60B85 8=D>@<0F88: :0: MB> 45;05BLAO., IndexPRO, 852, !!1,2.PAGE 8<З@ЗLЗpЗ|З~ЗЉЗ’З К(КdМpМrМ|М„МВОшО¶СјСѕСРС°ФёФєФКФТФ|ШЂШђШ’ШЊЩЋЩцЩъЩЉЫђЫ’Ы¤ЫМЮpЯ`жfж†иЊиЋиљињиЁи¤ноВпДпvцёцРцТцмцоцрцтцуйуйуйуЯйуйуЯйЦйЦЯйуйуЯЛЯйЦйЯйуйуЯЦЯЦЯЦЯЦЯйЦйЯЛЯуЯйуйуйЯЛЯйЯЛЯГїґЄГjшhoNНEHЬяUjкІ><hoNНUVhoNНjhoNНUhoNН5ЃCJmH"sH"hoNНhoNНCJhoNНCJmH"sH"hoNНCJmHsHhoNНhoNНCJmH"sH"CrЯ¤н¦нооNцPцRцTцVцXцZц^ц`цёцјцРцфцч@чўчfщ~щўщтщpъ„ъцццццццццццццсцццсссссссспн$a$$„7`„7a$тцфцчч8ч:ч<ч>ч@чFчPчVч^чdчjчvчxч’ч”ч–ч ш(ш*ш6шBшfш¦ш¬ш°шІшґшѕшАшВшДшМшОшШшЮшвшдшжшоштш"щ(щ*щ,щ.щ6щ8щnщ~щЂщљщьткьЯХкьПЕјЕјЕјкь±§кьПјЕјЕјЕјтјЕјљјЕјљјЕјтЕјЕјЕјтЕјЕјЕјтЕкьjЈрhoNНCJmHsHjwhoNНEHЮяUjзІ><hoNНUVhoNНhoNНCJhoNНCJmHsHhoNНCJjLhoNНEHЮяUjиІ><hoNНUVjhoNНUhoNНCJmH"sH"hoNН;љщњщћщ щўщКщМщжщищкщмщрщтщъщьщъъъ,ъpъrъtъ„ъ†ъ ъўъ¤ъ¦ъЁъРъТъмъоърътъфквЪРвЕє°вЕЈџЕЪ”ЪЊЪ‚Р‚вџwmв‚РвџbXвj°hoNНEHЬяUjвІ><hoNНUVjЮhoNНEHвяUjгІ><hoNНUVhoNНCJmHsHhoNНmH"sH"jЈрhoNНmHsHhoNНhoNНhoNНCJmHsHjohoNНEHЮяUjеІ><hoNНUVhoNНhoNНmHsHhoNНCJmH"sH"hoNНmHsHjhoNНUjЖhoNНEHдяUjжІ><hoNНUV"„ъЁъРъцъшъъъьъюъыыыыыыыыыы”ы–ыѕыВыьTь¤ь¦ьЬьэээээпппппппппппппппппннннннЖЉ„Љ„vъ^„Љ`„vътъшъ&ы–ыЄы¬ыёыєыјыѕыАыВыь¦ь~эьэДюЖюЦюШюЪюаютюфюцюшюяя$я&я6я8яHя–>LNdfrфцъреЪМЪМЪМѕ±¦ў—ў—ЌЪѕЌ—ў—ў—ў—ў—ў—ў—ў—ў—ў—ў—ЌЪѓЪѓѕzhoNНhoNНCJhoNНhoNН5ЃCJhoNНCJmHsHhoNНhoNНmHsHhoNНhoNНhoNНmH"sH"hoNНhoNНCJmH"sH"jhoNНUmHnHuhoNНhoNН5ЃCJmH"sH"hoNН5ЃCJmHsHhoNН5ЃCJmH"sH"hoNНCJmH"sH"hoNНCJ0ээ|э~эъэьэDю„юДюЖюЦюЪюяяPяRя‚яМя”–Ц68z|ґээээээээпппээээээээээээээээЖЉ„Љ„vъ^„Љ`„vъґ¶фцшъTz ў°Т.H|¬а$pЁ°ь"TjээпппппээээээээээээээээээээЖЉ„Љ„vъ^„Љ`„vъTnp "rt–®Ш<>|њэпппэээээээээээээээээээээээЖЉ„Љ„vъ^„Љ`„vъњДд$љ$V–®к*ђЁNЉИа2drvxјѕЮэээээээээээээээээээээээээээээp®¶ё8:| < ээээээээээээппэээээээээээээЖЉ„Љ„vъ^„Љ`„vъєјЖИТDRT^ц & ( 2 К Т Ф Ь $"$$$&$,$>$@$L$N$X$ђ$ћ$ $Є$%*%,%<%>%J%О%Ш%Ъ%в%V'h'j'z'|'†'(*(,(.(4(@(B(D(F(Z(l(Ь(ц(ш()ь*ђ+.1T1V1X1j1хсхсхсхсхсхсхсхсхсхжШОхсхсхсхсхсхсхсхсхсхсхсхсхсхжШОхсхсхсхсхсхсхсхОЖЅёhoNН5ЃhoNН5ЃmH"sH"hoNНmHsHhoNНCJmHsHjhoNНUmHnHuhoNН5ЃCJmHsHhoNНhoNНhoNНmHsHG< j ’ ѕ В Д д ж !!P!Њ!В!ю!b"К"ю"#,#Z#h#Ћ#ґ#а#ю#$$"$ээээээээээээээээээээээээээпЖЉ„Љ„vъ^„Љ`„vъ"$&$`$b$€$Љ$І$ґ$Ъ$%%R%T%‚%ћ%В%Ж%И%к%м%&$&D&|&¤&Ф&':'сппппппппппппппппппппппппппЖЉ„Љ„vъ^„Љ`„vъ:'J'N'P'Ћ'ђ'ј'((*(.(t(v(њ(ћ(Ф(Ц())*)@)Њ)О)* *r*ћ*т*ээээээээппэээээээээээээээээЖЉ„Љ„vъ^„Љ`„vът*+++Ћ+ђ+є+Ъ+р+<,^,Ђ,Ъ,&-f- -¶-Д-".J.„.Ж./h/ґ/0L0Z0~0ў0эээээээээээээээээээээээээээээў0И0111.10121416181:1<1>1@1B1D1F1H1J1L1N1P1R1T1V1n1p1эээээпнннннннннннннннннннлнЖЉ„Љ„vъ^„Љ`„vъj1n1p1^2@3P3T3l3n3p3r3v3x3|3~3‚3„3€3Љ3–3 °ЖA!°"°#ђ $ђ %°°Р°РђРЉ$$If–!vh5Ц5Ц5Ц#v:V–lЦ0яяяяяяцц5Ц4ЦЉ$$If–!vh5Ц5Ц5Ц#v:V–lЦ0яяяяяяцц5Ц4ЦЉ$$If–!vh5Ц5Ц5Ц#v:V–lЦ0яяяяяяцц5Ц4ЦЉ$$If–!vh5Ц5Ц5Ц#v:V–lЦ0яяяяяяцц5Ц4ЦЉ$$If–!vh5Ц5Ц5Ц#v:V–lЦ0яяяяяяцц5Ц4ЦЉ$$If–!vh5Ц5Ц5Ц#v:V–lЦ0яяяяяяцц5Ц4ЦЋ$$If–!vh5Ц5Ц5Ц#v:V–l”iЦ0яяяяяяцц5Ц4Цb$$If–l!vh5Ц5Цќ#v#vќ:V–lцц5Ц5Цќ4Цaцlb$$If–l!vh5Ц5Цќ#v#vќ:V–lцц5Ц5Цќ4Цaцlb$$If–l!vh5Ц5Цќ#v#vќ:V–lцц5Ц5Цќ4Цaцlb$$If–l!vh5Ц5Цќ#v#vќ:V–lцц5Ц5Цќ4Цaцlb$$If–l!vh5Ц5Цќ#v#vќ:V–lцц5Ц5Цќ4Цaцlb$$If–l!vh5Ц5Цќ#v#vќ:V–lцц5Ц5Цќ4Цaцlb$$If–l!vh5Ц95Цs#v9#vs:V–lцц5Ц95Цs4Цaцlb$$If–l!vh5Ц95Цs#v9#vs:V–lцц5Ц95Цs4ЦaцlTDd~@Кђ$Hppр0Ір#рAярЂ2рРv@їЬК‹nS ajgpИня¬<`!р¤v@їЬК‹nS ajgpИн„Ђ:@0±Z$rюxЪќ”?hQЗїпЅKТ¦©9ґh¬Б5¤ †ИBHлvЅВvСЖ<¶шSЌ"п<4ґрдУ-O/”VY)VЛд™gmйm!ЄьцV'•ЏеєQЮUћ¶ЊЉXЮмqкW®6кДcМж›qKGЭЈГ’~¦'ЇeNђ§ґz·dцh[=тЪ‘ёХЈдосjТкQтОє?х·YЧІ‡ПкЯ>ю±эЋц·Пйд©ъA©·dU›Yf/‚a"+й°€N$е"±SD&Оz+wШҐsЮКПТ~=ЫїћOіvЦ![аґ…Eµ/@ћ№йўЬЂлNч· њЉ_Х„›Шw”!’v‘шI"эгЮ¬јцnФO~џцЦщЖ®D‰|—Ю$ЫљI~8д…рЗИ¬‘®;K‘=w–/ba‚Иe§;Дз[бњ)ЅїMНЩВІљ9гЪKqЊИE№yЮ“Чf’^14k“°u[…ХЌf3ХкP_пХИ8?іШ¬„р„‘В Л6ХФьѕтz+DdјA`D%fgр0Ір#рAярЂ2р§¦_џ¬ід:gX6D6яѓђ`!р¦_џ¬ід:gX6D6т ;а`pЏIюxЪќ”MhФPЗзMТl·мў-мV©‹э¤Ґ]/Ґ”z¶Ё]рPЉ¦kqУm»Э†…Іxр$ћЕCEAхо!‡ЅzФS…Ш“©xT1ѕyщШ—eE0!0щНЗыПде1иPк Б «‹?=YИXh1ф_X“,ІiЊјGвЊ4zкЮЬQniџТ ЛЯ]nЅаПН9Ђ*ПcТpЩШѕ[Єo L° v–рB†¬cЬZ&Е?свп т±РЩТљeV¦]ёV±ЊuёЧшj»Чн]Eя ‡5_ Ё»X…[·j4БѓyЦтG*EЮЩ27рJшІЎЗOiЬЄЦ•J™<уМгЮd„ЯaЯ…КЈuФd»ThЧ¬SPтґО–±ѕjrЏ'о&SЎrf”&bНёУЧгќ;Х§юЦйо№Оќ¶Пю1ыoЉю¦5Њ5ћT(х†вЕдJЉИ’т$&РKd9&»љ!2"‘е"Јщ0 4*СRД•UмН&Ћљ ЉЦ^Tµ™ґАи!+ї©кgyIъ§ђoґ=·_Ё№ГВvЧkv°ъ4фwћ‡†Н±vT“дмЁШѕЄ@RЧ1‰ !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz|~ЂЃ‚ѓ„…†‡€‰Љ‹ЊЌЋЏђ‘’“”•–— Entryяяяяяяяя6АFЂ&%СҐЋИї:DataяяяяяяяяяяяяІћWordDocument5яяяяяяяя8bObjectPool8яяяяАВfp€ИђF|p€И_1010741994яяяяяяяяАFАВfp€ИАВfp€ИOleяяяяяяяяяяяяPICяяяяLMETAяяяяяяяяяяяяЊюяяяюяяяюяяяюяяяюяяя !юяяяюяяя$юяяя&'()*+,-./012345678юяяя:юяяяюяяя=>?юяяяюяяяBюяяяDEFGHIJKLMNюяяяPюяяяюяяяSюяяяюяяяVюяяяXYZ[]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqюяяяsюяяяюяяяvwxyzюяяяюяяяюяяяЂL~@Йђ$Hии~@ЙВяяя.1@Ђ:&яяяяАяяяєяяя@:ъ&MathType ъ-”ъ”$(ы@юђTimes New Romank~нwАWпwє2-22cumДаB2Ќfreq~ЁДа2яsymbolЁДBаа~2мvaluelДа~аД2м2lowu~а2мЈcumuДаB2мю freq~ЁДа2`1highа~аа2`lowh~а2Ў*cumhДаB2ь.freq~ЁДа2n2symbolЁДBаа~ы@юђTimes New Romank~нwАWпw]-2_а2P[љ2]љ2м(љ2м)љ2мђ_а2мБ#[љ2м;%]љ2Ћ-_а2ї1[љ2И9]љы@юђSymbolє3b~нwk~нwАWпwє3-2ЬЈь2мЩ-ь2м+ь2мЄ*а2м&-ь2`µ-ь2`ш+ь2д?кЁ2ї?лЁ2•?кЁ2д?(ъЁ2ї?(ыЁ2•?(ъЁ2M)<ь2О7-ьы@юђTimes New Romank~нwАWпw]-2м[1а2мb$0а2м1а2`7 1а291а&яяяяыј"SystemЉЉ-юяяяяяАFMicrosoft Equation 2.0DS EquationEquation.2ф9Іq Native яяяяяяяяяяяя_1010741992АFАВfp€ИАВfp€И†-ѓlѓoѓw†+€1–л–ы†<ѓcѓuѓm‚_ѓfѓrѓeѓq‚[ѓsѓyѓmѓbѓoѓl†-€1‚]L»A_D%ии»A_yяяя.1а ;&яяяяАяяя¤яяя`;„&MathTypeъ-T?Oleяяяяяяяяяяяя"PICяяяя#LMETAяяяяяяяяяяяя%ъCompObjяяяя9fTi'ы@юђTimes New Romank~нwАWпw|б-2А2cumДаB2АЌfreq~ЁДа2АяsymbolЁДBаа~2¬тvaluelДа~аД2¬wlowu~а2¬иcumuДаB2¬C freq~ЁДа2 NrangeЁаааД2А8)eaД2АЇ+cumДаB2А0freq~ЁДа2А|3symbolЁДBаа~ы@юђTimes New Romank~нwАWпwр°-2А_а2АP[љ2А]љ2¬Q(љ2¬])љ2¬Х_а2¬#[љ2¬Ђ$]љ2Ањ._а2АН2[љ2АЦ:]љы@юђSymbol|вb~нwk~нwАWпw|в-2АЬЈь2¬-ь2¬a+ь2¬п*а2¬d%-ь2АЭ'+ь2А[*<ь2АЬ8-ьы@юђTimes New 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Romank~нwАWпwc-2а4lowlАр2ЗѓrangeђАААЁ2ЗжcumgЁА2ЗѕfreqlђЁА2ЗІsymbolђЁААl2л‚cumbЁА2лZfreqlђЁА2аїlowqlАр2ЗҐrangeђАААЁ2лncumgЁА2лFfreqlђЁА2Зе$valueЁАlАЁ2З†)lowulАр2З/cumuЁА2Зж2freqlђЁА2ла,rangeђАААЁ2аb:eЁыЂюђSymbolҐ_b~нwk~нwАWпwҐ_-2а§+Ш2Зх*А2јПкђ2AПлђ2-Пкђ2ј“ъђ2A“ыђ2-“ъђ2аЉЈШ2а2+Ш2аЄ"*А2Зk(-Ш2Зщ++Ш2З.*А2З>7-Ш2аG9-Ш2ј§#кђ2A§#лђ2-§#кђ2ј;ъђ2A;ыђ2-;ъђыЂюђTimes New Romank~нwАWпwc-2Зh_xА2З[x„2Зь]x„2л_xА2лё[x„2ль]x„2лр_xА2л¤ [x„2ли!]x„2З[$(x„2Зџ-)x„2Зђ1_xА2ЗD5[x„2З€6]x„2лB0xА2л.!0xА2Зэ,1xА2ЗО50xА2ЗA81xА&яяяяыј"SystemЉЉ-юяяяяяАFMicrosoft Equation 2.0DS EquationEquation.2ф9ІqќАU@ЯњЭpЫѓlѓoѓw†+ѓrѓaѓnѓgѓe†*ѓcѓuѓm‚_ѓfѓrѓeѓq‚[ѓsѓyѓmѓbѓoѓl‚]ѓcѓuѓm‚_ѓfѓrѓeѓq‚[€0‚]–л–ы†Јѓlѓoѓw†+ѓrѓaѓnѓgѓeѓcѓuѓm‚_ѓfѓrѓeѓq‚[€0‚]†*‚(ѓvѓaѓlѓuѓe†-ѓlѓoѓw†+€1‚)†*ѓcѓuѓm‚_ѓfѓrѓeѓq‚[€0‚]†-€1ѓrѓaѓnѓgѓe†-ѓe–л–ыLт_аиит_eяяя.1а&яяяяАяяя¤яяяА_1010741989яяяяяяяя"АFАВfp€ИАВfp€ИOleяяяяяяяяяяяяPIC!$яяяя|LMETAяяяяяяяяяяяя~ТЃ‚ѓ„…†‡€‰юяяя‹юяяяюяяяЋюяяяюяяя‘юяяя“”•–— New Romank~нwАWпwё-2А‰valueДа~аД2 ‰cumuДаB2 дfreq~ЁДаы@юђTimes New 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