У нас: 141825 рефератів
Щойно додані Реферати Тор 100
Скористайтеся пошуком, наприклад Реферат        Грубий пошук Точний пошук
Вхід в абонемент





РПаЎ±б>юяCEюяяяBяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяяямҐБ`шїF_bjbjж‡ж‡Ћr„н„н#'"яяяяяя¤FFFF–––ЄЋЋЋЋў$ЄГ¶ТТТТи___*,,,,,,$yhбHP-–_="___PFFТиU™™™_ъF8Т–и*™_*™™V¦@~–юиЖ°Ч:В“ИЋYШж“0Гт)1X)ю)–ю __™_____PP‰___Г____ЄЄЄдЋЄЄЄЋЄЄЄFFFFFFяяяя 5D5@0B82=0 @>1>B07 :C@AC A>FV>;>3VW =0 B5<C:C;LBC@0 2 A8AB5<V ACA?V;LAB20.<VAB @>1>B8:ABC?.C;LBC@0, O: >1 T:B A>FV0;L=>3> ?V7=0==O.>=OBBO B0 2848 AC1:C;LBC@.70T<>72 O7>: :C;LBC@8 B0 5:>=><V:8. !>FV0;L=V DC=:FVW :C;LBC@8.8A=>2>:. ABC?."5@<V= :C;LBC@0 ;0B8=AL:>3> ?>E>465==O (cultura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`ћ ЄЖdrxЉЮЬ 2"4"L"v"Ъ%а%&ш+",d,–,/F/8угШЙШ·Ё CB2>@NTBLAO =0 >A=>2V 7030;L=8E A8<2>;V2, FV==>AB59, =>@< ?>254V=:8, I> @>7@V7=ONBLAO BVTN G8 V=H>N ?@>D5AV>=0;L=>N 3@C?>N. >=0 BVA=> ?>2 O70=0 7 7<VAB>< @>1>B8 V @>;LN, O:C 2 ACA?V;LAB2V 3@0NBL WW ?@54AB02=8:8.53@8BO=AL:89 4V0;5:B. 5O:V 7 =091V;H FV:028E 4>A;V465=L AC1:C;L-BC@ ?@8A2OG5=V <>2V. 0?@8:;04., V;LO< 01>2 (1970) =0<0302AO 4>25AB8, I> 26820==O =5AB0=40@B=>W 0=3;V9AL:>W <>28 4VBL<8 V7 =53@8BO=AL:>3> 35BB> =5 A2V4G8BL ?@> WE <>2=C =5?>2=>FV==VABL . 01>2 22060T, I> =53@8BO=AL:V 4VB8 26820NBL 2 45O:V9 <V@V V=HC A8AB5<C 3@0<0B8G=8E ?@028;. "8< =5 <5=H 26820==O =5AB0=40@B=>W 0=3;V9AL:>W <>28 287820T ?@>1;5<C =5AE20;L=C @50:FVN 1V;LH>ABV =0 B0: 720=5 ?>@CH5==O 7030;L-=>?@89=OB8E ?@028;. G8B5;V G0AB> 22060NBL 28:>@8AB0==O =53@8BO=-AL:>3> 4V0;5:B0 ?>@CH5==O< ?@028; 0=3;V9AL:>W <>28 V B><C =53@8BO=AL:V 4VB8 =570A;C65==> ?V425@30NBLAO :@8B8FV V =0:070==N. 70T<>72 O7>: :C;LBC@8 B0 5:>=><V:8. !>FV0;L=V DC=:FVW :C;LBC@8.;O @>7C<V==O <VAFO V @>;V :C;LBC@8 2 68BBV ACA?V;LAB20 25;8:5 7=0G5==O <0T COA=5==O 270T<>4VW :C;LBC@8 7 @V7=8<8 AD5@0<8 68BBO ACA?V;LAB20 V, ?5@H 70 2A5, 270T<>4VO :C;LBC@8 V 5:>=><V:8. @>7C<V==V FL>3> 270T<>2V4=>H5==O 284V;ONBLAO 42V ?@>B8;56=V ?>78FVW. 5@HC ?>78FVN =091V;H OA:@02> ?@54AB02;OT <0@:A87<. B>G:8 7>@C <0@:A87<0 3>;>2=C @>;L 2 68BBV ACA?V;LAB20 3@0T <0B5@V0;L=5 28@>1=8FB2>.


Сторінки: 1 2